Алишер навоий номидаги тошкент давлат ўзбек тили ва адабиёти университети ҳузуридаги илмий даражалар берувчи dsc
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poetry», and it classifies the words according to their semantic structure, defines
their literary advantages and stylistic peculiarities. It researches the ability of Jadid representatives in using language means classifying them into homonyms, synonyms and antonyms. 3.1 Homonyms. The problem of homonymy has been studied in a certain degree, based on the studies there has been published a dictionary. 36 In linguistics there are three types of homonyms: homolexeme, homograph and homophones. 37 The Uzbek language is rich in homonymic words. For example, Turkish word ой (moon) is considered such a lexical unit. In old Turkish vocabulary it was in the form of aj I as a space object which takes energy from the sun; II as a month; III as a servant. 38 36 Миртаджиев М. Возникновение лексических омонимов в узбекском языке: Автореф. дис. … канд. филол. наук. –Т.: 1964; Каримов А. Алишер Навоийнинг «Фарҳод ва Ширин» достонининг лексик-семантик ва стилистик хусусиятлари: Филол. фан. номз. ... дис. автореф. – Т.: ЎзР ФА ТАИ, 1974; Бафоев Б. Навоий асарлари лексикаси. –Т.: Фан, 1983; Раҳматуллаев Ш. Ўзбек тили омонимларининг изоҳли луғати. –Т.: Ўқитувчи‚ 1984. 37 Раҳматуллаев Ш. Ҳозирги адабий ўзбек тили. –Т.: Университет, 2006. –Б. 45. 38 Древнетюркский словарь. –Ленинград: Наука, 1969. -С. 25. 52 In old Turkish languages the third meaning ой (a servant) was used in the primary developing period of old Uzbek literary language. Obviously, it became archaic and was replaced with a word хизматкор from Arabic or Persian. In the «Ўзбек тилининг изоҳли луғати» two meanings of the word «oy» (a space object and month) are given. This can also be seen in Jadid poetry. For example, in Chulpan’s poem it has a meaning of a space object in the first line; and in the second line it has a meaning of time: Шафтолида ой нурини кўргач, яна руҳим‚ Ойлар ўтиб ёш даврига суқлар каби боқди. In Chulpan’s poetry the homonym word ko’k is used in the following meanings: 1. sky (Кўк юлдузли изсиз эди, ер юлдузи кучсиз, ҳар иккиси кетди‚ Кўнглимга яқин нарсани излаб кеча-кундуз ой-йилларим ўтди); 2. blue colour (Сенинг кўк тоза юзинг‚ Кўзга тақир кўринмайдир); 3. plant, grass (Севинчи бер: кўк ялангга‚ Қора булут чодир қурди); 4. spring (Кўкламойим йўлга чиқкан, кўкламойим қўзғалган‚ Кўк кўйлакнинг битишига, унча кўп ҳам қолмаган); 5. freedom, independent, free. Сиз дейсизким, мен кўкларни ўйлайман, Ер бетига сира назар солмайман. From the spirit of the poem it can be concluded that the word ko’k is a symbol of independence, national freedom. Chulpan, the person who devoted himself to his country’s independence, to enrich his native language, widely used old Turkish words as a means of arousing the national spirit. The poet tended to use symbols to express his feelings and thoughts. It can be seen in his poem where he tried to reintroduce the notions of «freedom, independence, and happiness» by using homonyms of the word ko’k. Homonyms play a great role in the art of «tajnis». Tajnis is one of the art forms which is connected with outer and inner form of the word. As it existed in Uzbek poetry, in Jadid poetry there was also used the following categories of this art: tajnisi tomm, tajnisi murakkab, tajnisi noqis, tajnisi zoyid, tajnisi muzoria, tajnisi aks, tajnisi mukarrar, tajnisi khatti. These categories are also studied in the research. 3.2. Synonyms. Synonymy is one of the lexical paradigms which have been studied thoroughly in Uzbek linguistics. 39 In Jadid poetry, synonyms served as important means of expressing literary thought impressively, perfectly and beautifully as well as fulfilling their main purpose. The following extract from his poem «Men va boshqalar» written in 1921 can be example of our words: Кулган бошқалардир, йиғлаган менман, Ўйнаган бошқалар, инграган менман. (Laughing are others, crying is me, Dancing are others, moaning is me.) In this passage the inner feelings and grief of an Uzbek girl are expressed, whose freedom was taken and who faced cruelty. In our mind, the poet expressed his own feelings wishing independence and freedom from the point of an Uzbek 39 Неъматов Ҳ., Расулов Р. Ўзбек тили систем лексикологияси асослари. -Т.: Фан‚ 1995; Ҳожиев А. Ўзбек тили синониларининг изоҳли луғати. -Т.: Ўқитувчи, 1974. 53 girl of that time. By using the lexeme yig’lamoq (crying) and the lexeme ingramoq Download 0.73 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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