Country Background Report – Denmark
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10932 OECD Country Background Report Denmark
Work Agreement
Ahead of the reform of the Folkeskole, an Act specifying the framework for utilisation of working hours of the teachers was passed in April 2013 (Act no. 409). The Act was passed by the Parliament, due to the inability of the Teachers’ Union and the munici- palities to reach a collective agreement. Traditionally and in most instances, working conditions in Denmark are agreed upon between employers and employees without the interference of legal regulation, see also Chapter 5. During the final part of the negoti- ations, teachers were locked out for four weeks in the spring of 2013 by LGDK, who represented the municipalities as employers. The Act replaces a previous agreement between the Teachers’ Union and LGDK reached in 2008. According to the 2008 agreement, the teachers had more autonomy to independently organise how to utilise their working time compared to the former 2005 agreement. And there was more room for the teachers and the school leaders to change the scope and content of various teacher tasks. However, a common core element in the previous agreements was a centrally negotiated working time agreement giving all teachers a certain amount of preparation time for each lesson, independently of their level og experience or which subjects they were teaching. For example, an experienced teacher, teaching two weekly lessons of PE in two 2 nd form classes and one 3 rd form class, respectively, would have the same amount of preparation time as a newly quali- fied teacher, teaching two weekly lessons of 5 th form Danish, 9 th form maths and 3 rd form biology. This left school leaders with little or no managerial flexibility to differ- 21 However, this was withheld, as the political parties could not reach an agreement in the first round of negotiations. 44 entiate between young and experienced teachers, subjects to be taught, students’ levels or innovative inter-teacher collaborations etc. With the new Act, the former time management rules were dispensed, giving school leaders further management discretion and increased local decision-making autonomy regarding the utilisation of the teachers’ working hours. This can be seen as a prereq- uisite for the reform of the Folkeskole with the purpose of achieving a longer school day and more flexible task planning. The new regulation of the utilisation of working hours does not specify norms for the time to be spent on the various teacher tasks. The Act makes it possible, in accordance with the school's strategy and core tasks, to utilise the teachers working hours based on what best supports student learning and achievement. The flexibility within the Act makes room for a prioritisation of the teachers’ tasks and teaching based on students’ abilities and needs, for instance. School management can grant newly qualified teach- ers fewer teaching hours than they previously would have been able to. Conversely, school leaders can assign extra teaching hours to experienced teachers. As part of the implementation of the Act, 60 per cent of the municipalities have intro- duced attendance requirements, meaning that the teachers have to be present at the school in a certain time period every day, regardless of their number of teaching hours. 22 per cent of all municipalities have introduced an upper limit for the number of teaching hours one teacher is supposed to perform (Astrup Bæk 2014). 2.3 Objectives of the education system and student learning objectives In order to ensure the best possible conditions for high quality teaching, a number of national initiatives have been taken. These include efforts to replace management by rules and processes with management by few, clear targets and performance infor- mation of results, in order to support the municipalities’ responsibility for the devel- opment of the quality in the public school. The Act and its executive orders describe the subjects that are to be taught and the common objectives of teaching in each sub- ject (national curriculum). Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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