English Grammar: a resource Book for Students
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English Grammar- A Resource Book for Students
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- A4.2 Adverbs
Adjective phrases
Many adjectives in predicative position can be followed by a phrase or clause to give more information. For example: I’m happy for you. I’m happy that he’s finally found someone. And some have to be: I’m fond of her. (Not ‘I’m fond.’) They’re unable to come. These phrases or clauses which complete the meaning of the adjective are sometimes called ‘complements’. (See A3 and A10 for more on complements.) Many adjectives are typically associated with a particular preposition in such phrases, e.g., fond of or dependent on. Adjective phrases can also occur as postmodifiers of nouns: a plan bound to fail. Such cases can be related to a relative clause (a plan which is bound to fail – see B10). Adjective phrases are also common with comparatives and intensifiers to give more information about the basis of comparison or ‘intensification’. She’s happier than she has ever been. We’re as happy as it’s possible to be. The difference is too small to worry about. A4.2 Adverbs Adverbs are an open word class (see B1). They consist of a number of subclasses, some of which are only loosely connected to the others (for example, the intensifiers described Activity A4.2 ✪ A D J E C T I V E S , A D V E R B S A N D P R E P O S I T I O N S 25 above). They have been called a ‘ragbag’ – a place for putting unwanted things. Isolated systems of words, such as yes and no, please, and not, are usually included in adverbs, though they have little in common with them. As a result they are much harder to define than other word classes. Traditionally adverbs have been thought of as words derived by the addition of -ly to adjectives that modify the meaning of verbs in terms of their manner, time and place. However, there is a vast range of meanings conveyed by adverbs, and not all of them modify verbs. We have already seen one such case: intensifiers, used to modify adjectives: very happy. And a lot of adverbs, even those to do with manner, time and place, do not end in -ly. Put your hands together. I soon realised he wasn’t coming. Put the money there. Identify the adverbs in these sentences: 1. Have they arrived yet? 2. Even my mother likes her slightly. 3. He’s not quite ready. 4. I was only looking at it. Download 1.74 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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