Grammar essential grammar in use (Raymond Murphy)
— O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar
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Raymond Murphy (O\'zbek tilida)(1)
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- Otilgan mavzu boyicha misollar
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— O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • You must see it. • I must clean them. • We must go to the bank today. • I must go to the bank now. • I had to get to the bank yeterday. • We had to walk home last night. • I must hurry. • I mustn't forget to phone George. • You mustn't walk on the grass. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 48 • I needn't clean the window. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 28: Should — Biror ishni afzalligini bildirish uchun "should" so'zidan foydalanamiz. Doim bu so'zdan so'ng harakat so'zi keladi. • I should go to bed - Men uyquga yotsam (ya'ni, uxlasam) yaxsh bo'lardi. — Inkor formasi should not, uning qisqartmasi shouldn't. • You shouldn't smoke so much - Siz bunchalik ko'p chekishingiz yaxshi emas. — "Should" so'zidan oldin "I think" (o'ylaymanki) va "I don't think" (o'ylamayman) so'zlarini qo'yish mumkin. Ularning orasida gapning egasi yoziladi. • I think they should have a holiday - O'ylaymanki, ular dam olishga chiqishgani afzal. • I don't think you should work so hard - Bunchalik qattiq ishlashingiz afzal deb o'ylamayman. — Savol berishda "Do you think" jumlasidan foydalanamiz. • Do you think I should buy this camera - Sizning o'ylashingizcha (yoki, sizningcha) bu kamerani sotib olganim yaxshiroqmi? Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 49 — "Should" so'zining "must" so'zidan farqi, "must" - zarur degani, "should" - afzal, yaxshiroq deganidir. — Ought to modal fe'li should ning ma'nodoshi va istalgan joyda o'rin almashi qo'llanadi. — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • To should go to bed earlier. • You should go and see it. • You should always watch the ball. • Tom shouldn't go to bed so late. • You shouldn't work hard. • You ought to go and see it. • I think Carol should buy some new clothes. • I think we should go home now. • I don't think you should work hard. • I don't think the police should carry guns. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 29: Have to — Bir narsaning shart va majbur holatda bo'lishida "have to" ishlatiladi. — 3-shaxs birlik (he/she/it)da "has to" ishlatiladi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 50 • I have to go the work - Men ishga borishim kerak (ishga borishga majburman). • He has to get up early tomorrow - U ertaga vaqtliroq turishi kerak. — Agar o'tgan zamonda bo'lsa, "had to" ishlatiladi. • I had to go to the doctor - Men shifokorga borishim kerak edi. — "Must" odamlarni fikridagi zarurat hisoblanadi, "have to" odamlar xohlasa-yu xohlamasa zarur bo'lgan, tabiiy, odatda shart bo'lgan holatlar tushuniladi. Ya'ni, "have to" fikrni emas, qonun-qoidani bildiradi. Faqat ba'zi hollarda bular bir-birini o'rnida kelishi mumkin. — Savol berish uchun, hozirgi zamonda bo'lsa, "do" va "does" qoidasidan foydalanamiz. • Do you have to go - Siz borishingiz shartmi? — Esimizda bo'lsa, hozirgi zamon 3-shaxs birlik (he/she/it)da savol berilganda "do" o'rniga "does" qo'yiladi. • Does he have to get up early - U erta turishi shartmi? — Agar o'tgan zamonda savol bersak, do - did formasiga o'zgaradi. • Did we have to wait - Biz kutishimiz kerakmidi? Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 51 — Inkor shakli esa "have to"dan so'ng hozirgi zamondagi gapda "do not" (don't) va "does not" (doesn't), o'tgan zamonda "did not" (didn't) formalari qo'yiladi. • They don't have to work very hard - Ular juda qattiq ishlashlari shart emas. • She didn't have to wait - U kutishi shart emas edi. — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • I have to go to the dentist. • She has to get up at 6.00. • You have to pass a test. • I had to go to the dentist. • We had to walk home. • Does Jill have to work on Saturdays? • I don't have to get up early. • Ian doesn't have to work very hard. • We didn't have to wait very long. • She has to go to the doctor. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 30: Would you like ...? — Biror kishini biror narsaga taklif qilmoqchi bo'lganimizda "would you like" jumlasidan foydalanamiz. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 52 • Would you like a chocolate? - Shokolad xohlaysizmi? — I would like - men xohlayman. I'd - I would qisqartmasi. • I'd like a drink - Men ichishni xohlayman. — Farqini biling: • Do you like - siz yoqtirasizmi? • Would you like - siz xohlaysizmi? — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • Would you like some coffee? • Would you like a cigarette? • What would you like, tea or coffee? • Would you like to come to the party? • Would you like to have dinner? • I would like to see the film. • I would like a drink. • I would like fish. • I'd like an otange. • Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 53 UNIT 31: There is, there are — "Anavi yerda bor" demoqchi bo'lsak birlikda "there is", ko'plikda "there are" ishlatamiz. — Bular gapning birinchi yarmida, ko'proq gapning boshida keladi. Qisqartmasi: there's. • There's a man on the roof - Anavi tomda bir kishi bor. — Gohida "there is" so'zma-so'z tarjima qilinmaydi, lekin gapning ma'nosida bor bo'ladi. Gohida tarjima qilsa ham bo'ladi. • There are seven days in a week - Haftada yetti kun bor. — Inkor shakli: "there is not" (there isn't), "there are not" (there aren't). • There isn't a book in the room - Xonaning ichida kitob yo'q. • There aren't some flowers on the table - Stolning ustida bir nechta gullar yo'q. — "There is" va "it is" farqini biling: — "There is" biror narsani biror joyda borligini ifodalash uchun, "it is" eganing ismi o'rnida, "u narsa" deb ko'rsatish uchun ishlatiladi. • I like this book - Men bu kitobni yoqtiraman. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 54 • It is interesting - U qiziqarli kitob. (Kitob so'zi o'rnida "it is" kelyapdi) — Savolga aylantirish uchun doimgidek is va are oldinga o'tadi. • Is there - anavi yerda bormi? Ko'plikda "Are there?" bo'ladi. — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • There is a man on the roof. • There os a train at 10.30. • There are seven days in a week. • There is a big tree in the garden. • There is a good film on TV. • Is there a hotel near here? • There isn't any snow. • There aren't many old buildings here. • Are there any letters for me today? • How many players are there in a football team? Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 32: There was / were / has been / will be — "There is" va "there are" hozirgi zamonda ishlatilardi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 55 — Endi oddiy o'tgan zamon, tugallangan hozirgi zamon va kelasi zamonda ishlatilishini ko'rib chiqamiz. — O'tgan zamonda there so'zidan so'ng was/were ishlatiladi. • There was a good film on TV yesterday evening - Kecha kuchqurun televizorda yaxshi film bor edi. — Ko'plikda: • Ten years ago there were 500 children at the school - O'n yil oldin bu maktabda 500 ta bola bor edi. — Tugatilgan hozirgi zamonda has been/have been ishlatiladi. • There has been a robbery - Anavi yerda o'g'irlik bo'ldi. • There have been many accidents on it - U yerda ko'p halokatlar bo'lgan. — Voqea o'tgan zamonda bo'lgan, ma'lumot hozirgi zamonga oid bo'ladi. — 3-shaxs birlikda has been, ko'plikda have been ishlatiladi. — Kelasi zamon haqida "there will be" ishlatiladi. • Do you think there will be a lot of people at the party on Saturday? - Sizning o'ylashingizcha shanbadagi kechada odam ko'p bo'ladimi? Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 56 — Inkor shakliga hammasiga not qo'shiladi. — Savol berish uchun hammasida "there" sherigi bilan o'rin almashadi. • Was there an apple on the table? — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • There was a train at 10.30. • There was a good film on TV yesterday evening. • There were 250 rooms. • There wasn't anything to eat. • Were there any letters for me? • There has been an accident. • There have been many accidents on it. • There will be a lot of people at the party. • There will be some rain in the afternoon. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 33: It ... — Ingliz tilida 3-shaxsdagi he/she/it so'zlaridan biri bo'lgan "it" (odamdan boshqa va jinsi noma'lum narsalarga qaratilgan "U" so'zi) juda ko'p holatlarda ishlatiladi. — Vaqt haqida: Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 57 • What time is it? - Soat nechchi bo'ldi? • It is half past ten - 10:30 bo'ldi (Soat so'zi o'rnida it kelyapdi). — Kun haqida: • What day is it? - Qaysi kun (bugun)? • It is Thursday today - Bugun payshanba. — Masofa haqida: • How far is it from London to Paris? - Londondan Parijgacha qancha masofa bor? — Masofani so'rash uchun "How far" ishlatamiz, keyin "is it". — Ob-havo haqida: • It is raining - Yomg'ir yog'yapdi. • Is it snowing? - Qor yog'yapdimi? (Savol berganda it is o'rni almashadi). • It is a nice day today - Bugun kun yaxshi. — "It is" bulardan boshqa sifat so'zlaridan oldin ham qo'yiladi: • It is dark in this room - Bu xonaning ichi qorong'i. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 58 — "There is" yoki "it is" (it's) qo'yilishidagi farq shuki, ko'rsatilayotgan so'z ega bo'lib kelsa "there is", sifat bo'lib kelsa "it is" qo'yiladi. — Masalan: • It is interesting - U qiziqarli. (Bu gapda "there is" qo'yish noto'g'ri) • There is a book on the table - Stolning ustida kitob bor. (Bu gapda "it is" qo'yish noto'g'ri) — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • It is late. • It is time to go home. • It is 16 March. • It is Thursday today. • It is my birthday today. • It isn't far. • It is 20 miles to the city. • It isn't raining. • It is a nice day today. • It impossible to understand her. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 34. go/going work/working play/playing etc. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 59 — Harakat so'zlaridan oldin qo'yiladigan 9 ta so'zni avval o'rganib chiqdik. Ularni takror sanab chiqamiz. — Will - kelasi zamonda "moq" qo'shimchasi, barcha shaxs turlarida ishlatilaveradi. — Shall - will so'zi o'rnida faqat 1-shaxsda ishlatiladi. — Can - hozirgi va kelasi zamonda "qo'lidan kelmoq" so'zi. — Could - "can" so'zining o'tgan zamon shakli. — May - hozirgi va kelasi zamonda "mumkin" so'zi. — Might - "may" so'zining o'tgan zamon shakli. — Must - shaxsiy fikrga ko'ra "shart" degan so'z. Hozirgi va kelasi zamon uchun. — Should - "afzal" so'zi. — Would - taklif qilish ma'nosidagi so'z. — Yuqoridagi so'zlardan so'ng hech qachon "to" qo'yilmaydi. — "To" doim qo'yiladigan alohida birikmalar bor, ular quyidagilar. — Had to - "must" so'zining o'tgan zamon shakli. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 60 — Going to - "moqchi" degan ma'noni anglatadi. — Have to - xohlasak ham, xohlamasak ham zarur bo'lgan, qat'iy belgilab qo'yilgan qoidani bildirgan holda, "zarur" degan ma'noni anglatadi. — Has to - "have to" birikmasi o'rnida he/she/it uchun ishlatiladi. — Want to - xohlamoq, istamoq. — Would like to - xohlamoqning xushlamoq bilan birlashgan holati desak ham bo'ladi. — Present continuous (davomiy hozirgi zamon) va past continuous (davomiy o'tgan zamon) fe'llarida harakat so'zlariga "ing" qo'shiladi, chunki gap davom etayotgan suratda aytilayotgan bo'ladi. — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • Tom will be here tomorrow. • Shall I open the window? • I can't play tennis. • May I smoke? • I must go now. • You shouldn't work hard. • Would you like some coffee? • I am going to play tennis tomorrow. • I have to go now. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 61 Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 35: be / have / do in present and past tenses. — O'tgan darslarda kelgan shu mavzudagi qoidalarni takrorlab, bir biridan ajratib olishimiz kerak bo'ladi. — Present continuous - davomli hozirgi zamon. — Past continuous - davomli o'tgan zamon. — Ikkalasida ham harakat so'zlariga "ing" qo'shiladi. Egadan so'ng present continuousda am/is/are, past continiusda was/were, ya'ni "to be" qo'yiladi. — Bir ish sodir bo'lgan, lekin uni kim qilgani noma'lum. Yoki gapda unga ishora qilinmagan. Bu holat passiv deb atalib, u ikkiga bo'linadi: 1. Present passive - hozirda ham davom etayotgan ish. • The room is cleaned every day - Bu xona har kuni tozalanadi. (Kim tozalashi noma'lum, lekin hozirda ham tozalanadi) 2. Past passive - o'tgan zamonda qolib ketgan ish. • The room was cleaned yesterday - Bu xona kecha tozalangan. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 62 — Ikkala passive'ga ham "to be" qo'yiladi, doimgidek presentga am/is/are, pastga was/were. Ikkalasida ham to'g'ri fe'llarga "ed" qo'shiladi, noto'g'ri fe'llar 3-shaklda yoziladi. — Agar ish bajaruvchiga ishora bor bo'lsa, "passive" emas, "active" bo'ladi, "to be" qo'yilmaydi. • Somebody cleaned the room yesterday - Bu xonani kecha kimdir tozaladi. — Have/has + past participle - present perfect. — Present perfect - ish o'tgan zamonda sodir bo'lganini biz hozir ko'rib turgan holat. — Buni have/has bilan ifoda qilamiz. • I have cleaned my room - Men xonamni tozaladim. — Biz tozalayotganini ko'rmadik, lekin tozalangan xonani ko'rib turibmiz. Mana shu holat "present perfect" bo'ladi. — Bunda "to be" qo'yilmaydi, to'g'ri fe'lga "ed" qo'yiladi, noto'g'ri fe'l 3-shaklda yoziladi. — Present simple - oddiy hozirgi zamon. Savol berishda do/does, inkor qilishda don't/doesn't ishlatiladi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 63 — Past simple - oddiy o'tgan zamon. Savol berishda did, inkor qilishda didn't ishlatiladi. To'g'ri fe'lga "ed" qo'yiladi, no'to'g'ri fe'l 2-formatda yoziladi. Did/didn't ishlatilganda "ed" qo'yilmaydi, noto'g'ri fe'l 1-formatda yoziladi. — O'tilgan mavzu bo'yicha misollar: • I am working. • It isn't raining at the moment. • I was working. • I wasn't raining. • I am never invited to parties. • How was the window broken? • I have cleaned my room. • Tom has lost his pasport. • I don't like tea. • I didn't watch TV yeterday. Eslatma: Mavzu o'z nihoyasiga yetdi, bu mavzuni to'liq o'zlashtirib bo'lib, keyingi mavzuga o'ting! UNIT 36: Regular and irregular verbs — Bizga ma'lumki, oddiy o'tgan zamon hamda tugallangan hozirgi zamonda to'g'ri fe'llarga "ed" qo'shiladi, noto'g'ri fe'llar birida 2-shaklda, yana birida 3-shaklda yoziladi. — Past participle ikkiga bo'linyapdi, harakatni bajaruvchisiga ishora bo'lsa present perfect, bajaruvchi noma'lum bo'lsa present passive bo'ladi. Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 64 — Har ikkisida ham noto'g'ri fe'llar 3-shaklda yoziladi. — Noto'gri fe'llar besh xil turga bo'linadi. 1. Uchchala formati ham bir xil: cost, hit, hurt, let, put, read, shut. 2. Ikkinchi va uchinchi formatlar bir xil: build - built - built buy - bought - bought find - found - found get - got - got have - had - had 3. Birinchi va uchinchi formatlar bir xil: become - became - become come - came - come run - ran - run 4. Uchchala format uch xil: be - was/were - been choose - chose - chosen do - did - done drink - drank - drunk drive - drove - driven Ingliz tili | Noldan Raymond Murphy Ingliz tili | Noldan 65 eat - ate - eaten fall - fell - fallen fly - flew - flown forget - forgot - forgotten write - wrote - written 5. Birinchi va ikkinchi format bir xil: beat - beat - beaten (va boshqalar). — Quyidagi so'zlarda esa past simple'da "ed" qo'shiladi, past participle'da t harfi qo'shiladi. burn - burned - burnt learn - learned - learnt dream - dreamed - dreamt smell - smelted - smelt. Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
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