Industry insight
Figure 1. FARM – the outsourcing matrix 237
Download 329.89 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
Week 5 framework
Figure 1.
FARM – the outsourcing matrix 237 Framework for performing outsourcing capability better than the focal firm in their rate of improvement in the particular process being considered for outsourcing, while “High” differential indicates availability of suppliers which are far superior to the focal firm in the rate at which they are innovating and improving in the particular process. The 2 ⫻ 2 matrix divides outsourced processes into four classes (refer Figure 1 ). I discuss the aspects of outsourcing capability which need emphasis given the imperatives and challenges for the outsourcing arrangement for each of the four classes of processes. For each quadrant, I also provide examples of effective and failed outsourced processes in the Indian context and discuss them along the dimensions of the FARM matrix. 6.1 uncertain drizzle (Quadrant 1) This quadrant (refer Figure 1 ) refers to those processes which are not deeply entrenched in the focal firm and for which the market also does not seem to have suppliers which are improving at a significantly faster pace than the focal firm. In such a scenario, while the focal firm would not have too much energy to expend on the arrangement, it should institute systems to monitor and demand continually improving performance from the partners. Strong review mechanism coupled with pointed incentives spur on the supplier(s) to deliver improved metrics critical to the process efficiency. Given the nature of modest benefits being accrued, the focal firm should keep its options open by executing short-term contracts should new suppliers with better improvement capabilities arrive on the scene or some existing suppliers evolve to much better capabilities ( Gottfredson et al., 2005 ). In this quadrant (Q1), the focal firm thus needs to maintain Flexibility in its arrangement with the supplier and also follow it up with Monitoring systems, which provide the key information of interest without drawing unduly upon management’s time. 6.1.1 Effective outsourcing in uncertain drizzle condition (Q1). The use of LPG is continually rising in India with ⬃29 per cent of its 236 million household units using it as their primary cooking fuel ( Census of India, 2011 ). A large public sector unit (PSU), which supplies LPG cylinders to domestic units, has outsourced the manufacturing process of the LPG cylinder. The oil and gas major is engaged in exploration and production of crude oil and gas, refining, pipeline transportation and marketing of petroleum products. Manufacturing of gas cylinders is a peripheral process and yet the safety risk around the process is high because of the usage of cylinders in domestic settings. The cylinders need to adhere to exacting safety standards and the PSU has institutionalized periodic and random checks at the manufacturers’, as well as at its own facility (at the stage of bottling) to ensure that the cylinders are safe and robust. The outsourced manufacturing process is based on simple and stable technology obviating any radical innovation by the contract manufacturers. In any case, the improvement if any has to be guided by Bureau of Indian Standards, which promotes and controls standards in the Indian economy. The PSU monitors the safety parameters effectively by ensuring compulsory tests as a part of the process at the cylinder supplier’s manufacturing site. The same is monitored by repeating the testing at its (PSU’s) bottling plants. The penalty for failing the test is severe in form of immediate suspension which requires the outsourcing partner to reapply for manufacturing license. The flexibility that the PSU retains with itself is high by not having long-term arrangement SO 7,3 238 with any contract manufacturer, instead inviting bids from them for every fresh production consignment. As evidenced by the safety record, the manufacturing of LPG cylinders, through outsourcing arrangement is working effectively and efficiently for the PSU which has instituted a tight monitoring system and retained flexibility in its relation with the outsourcing partners. 6.1.2 Failed outsourcing in uncertain drizzle condition (Q1). A global auto major (GAM) with long presence in India entered into a manufacturing joint venture with a large Indian automotive company (IAC). In addition, to take advantage of IAC’s nation-wide dealer network, GAM decided to outsource distribution of its vehicles to IAC. While GAM enjoyed the benefit of IAC’s expansive reach across country, the outsourcing arrangement failed to deliver on lead generation, product display, demonstration, etc. Over time, despite global expertise in R&D, manufacturing and brand management, GAM’s Indian operations witnessed a decline in sales and increase in customer complaints of step-motherly treatment at IAC’s dealer points. GAM had not invested in a system that would monitor IAC’s service levels. Also, not only was IAC a powerful entity in Indian markets, the nature of agreement itself did not lend flexibility to GAM to redefine the terms of the outsourced process. Ultimately, to escape continued losses of its image and sales, GAM suspended the outsourcing arrangement and invested in a fully owned distribution and service organization. 6.2 bright sunshine (Quadrant 2) This quadrant refers to processes which are peripheral and where the focal firm finds suppliers with dynamically improving capabilities on offer. Because the processes in question are autonomous and the improvements can enter the organization as plug-ins ( Chesbrough and Teece, 2002 ) with little interaction with other parts of the organization, the focal firm can experiment with multiple suppliers and the fast changing offerings with the knowledge that the switching costs of moving from one solution to the other is relatively low ( Monteverde and Teece, 1982 ). Yet, to appropriate benefits from the fast changing capabilities and upcoming innovations, the focal firm has to have the ability to recognise in a timely manner that there are external opportunities which need to be taken cognisance of ( Barr and Huff, 1997 ). The ability to recognize new knowledge as valuable, assimilating it and benefiting from it requires the focal firm to maintain its “absorptive capacity”, i.e. it needs to have a repository of existing knowledge closely related to new knowledge advancements ( Cohen and Levinthal, 1990 ). Weigelt’s (2009) study on bank’s outsourcing strategies for Internet adoption finds largely negative performance consequences of outsourcing on account of lowered integrative capabilities, with those having accumulated experience in related technologies doing better. Gaining familiarity with new external knowledge would entail investing in boundary spanning abilities with “gate-keepers” who can monitor the environment meaningfully and translate the developments for the internal group to understand and act upon ( Cohen and Levinthal, 1990 ). Whether such gate-keeping activity is centralized or relatively diffused across individuals would depend on the interplay between the rate of external change which when high, favours diffusion of gate-keeping and the difference in expertise of internal and external actors which when high, is better served by centralization of the boundary spanning role ( Cohen and Levinthal, 1990 ). 239 Framework for performing outsourcing capability In Quadrant 2 (Q2) thus, the emphasis is on absorptive capacity and flexibility for optimal gains from outsourcing 6.2.1 Effective outsourcing in bright sunshine condition (Q2). A large steel company (SC) in India operates in the country’s vast retail markets through branded steel rebars, corrugated sheets, galvanized wires, etc. The SC believes that its relationship and engagement with the channel partners, i.e. the district-level distributors and the retailers at the consumption centres is crucial for its brands market share and the premiums they command. Amongst various other activities, SC operates a Loyalty and Rewards programme for its channel partners. While as a process, it is deemed to be crucial for the all important channel relationships, the programme has little connections with other processes in the organization. The SC has outsourced the programme to multiple agencies, with some responsible for data management, other for purchase and disbursal of rewards and yet other responsible for managing yearly get together of channel Download 329.89 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling