Ingliz tili grammatikasi

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(O’tgan tugallangan davom zamon)
YASALISHI:


+ S + shall/will + have + been + V_ing


- S + shall/will+ not + have + been + V_ing


? Shall/Will + S+ have + been + V_ing?

M: Ozoda will have been learning English for 5 month in April

(because she started in December and it is March)
NO / NONE
1. No – birlikdagi va ko’plikdagi sanaladigan otlar oldidan sifat vazifasida keladi.
M: I have no ticket = I have not a ticket

2. Gapda no bo’lsa fe’l bo’lishli shaklda bo’ladi

M: I found no mistakes in your translation = I didn’t find any mistakes in your translation

3. Ega bo’lib kelgan ot oldidan no ishlatiladi va birorta ham, hech qanday, hech qaysi deb tarjima qilinadi.

M: No plane has left the airport yet

4. None – no olmoshining otlashgan shakli bo’lib, birlikdagi va ko’plikdagi sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlar o’rnida ishlatiladi

M: - Is there any water in the bottle? - No, there is none

5. No - so’zi body, one, thing, where so’zlari bilan birikib, nobody, no-one, nothing, nowhere inkor olmoshlarini yasaydi va otlashgan olmosh sifatida ishlatiladi. Chunki ingliz tilida bitta gapda faqat bitta inkor bo’lishi mumkin.

Ma’no jihatdan: nobody = not anybody
no-one = not anyone
nothing = not anything
nowhere = not anywhere

M: We saw nobody there = We didn’t see anybody there

We read nothing about it = We didn’t read anything about it
BOTH / EITHER / NEITHER
1. Bu olmoshlar faqat ikki ot chegarasida qo’llaniladi:
Both – shakli va ma’nosi bo’lishli gapda ikkala deb tarjima qilinadi
Either – bo’lishsiz va so’roq gaplarda ikkala (emas), bo’lishli gaplarda esa ikkalasidan biri (xohlagani) deb tarjima qilinadi
Neither – shakli bo’lishli ammo ma’nosi inkor gaplarda ikkalasi emas deb tarjima qilinadi

M: Both students are listening

Either students are not listening
Did either boy come?
Neither students are listening

2. Both / Either / Neither o’zidan keyin uyushiq bo’lak olganda:

Both… and… - ham… ham …

M: Both Parvina and Nafisa came to the lesson

Either… or… - yoki… yoki…

M: Either Parvina or Nasifa comes to the Institute
Ask either Akmal or Sanjar
Don’t tell either Parvina or Nafisa

Neither… nor… - na… na…, ikkisi ham emas

M: Tell neither Parvina nor Nafisa this secret

3. Both / either / neither – olmoshlaridan keyin kelgan ot the, ko’rsatish olmoshlari, egalik olmoshlaridan so’ng of predlogi ishlatiladi

M: I asked both of the students
Both of these questions are easy
Either of his examples is correct
He asked neither of those children

4. Of olmoshidan keyin kelgan ot obyektiv olmoshlariga ham o’zgarishi mumkin.

Both of us = We both - ikkovimiz