Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Nutr J. 2008 Oct 30;7:32. Eating Habits And Obesity Among Lebanese University
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- Abstract BACKGROUND
- Obesity in the Lebanese Elderly: Prevalence, Relative Risks and Anthropometrical Measurements.
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- DESIGN
- Abstract CONTEXT
- Abstract AIM
- Abstract PURPOSE
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Nutr J. 2008 Oct 30;7:32. Eating Habits And Obesity Among Lebanese University Students. Yahia N, Achkar A, Abdallah A, Rizk S. Natural Science Division, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon. najatyahia@yahoo.com Abstract BACKGROUND: In the past year Lebanon has been experiencing a nutritional transition in food choices from the typical Mediterranean diet to the fast food pattern. As a consequence, the dietary habits of young adults have been affected; thus, overweight and obesity are increasingly being observed among the young. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity on a sample of students from the Lebanese American University (in Beirut) and to examine their eating habits.
METHODS: A cross-sec onal survey of 220 students (43.6% male and 56.4% female), aged 20 +/- 1.9 years, were chosen randomly from the Lebanese American University (LAU) campus during the fall 2006 semester. Students were asked to fill out a self-reported questionnaire that included questions on their eating, drinking and smoking habits. Also, their weight, height, percentage body fat and body mass index were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess students' weight status. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (version 13.0) to determine overweight and obesity among students and to categorize eating habits. RESULTS: This study showed that the majority of the students (64.7%) were of normal weight (49% male students compared to 76.8% female students). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was more common among male students compared to females (37.5% and 12.5% vs. 13.6% and 3.2%, respec vely). In contrast, 6.4% female students were underweight as compared to 1% males. Ea ng habits of the students showed that the majority (61.4%) reported taking meals regularly. Female students showed healthier eating habits compared to male students in terms of daily breakfast intake and meal frequency. 53.3% of female students reported ea ng breakfast daily or three to four mes per week compared to 52.1% of male students. There was a significant gender difference in the frequency
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of meal intake (P = 0.001). Intake of colored vegetables and fruits was common among students. A total of 30.5% reported daily intake of colored vegetables with no gender differences (31.5% females vs. 29.2% males). Alcohol intake and smoking were not common among students. CONCLUSION: In spite of the overall low prevalence of overweight and obesity in the studied sample, results indicate that university students would possibly benefit from a nutrition and health promotion program to reduce the tendency of overweight and obesity, especially among male students, and to improve students' eating habits.
J Med Liban. 2008 Jul-Sep;56(3):174-80. Obesity in the Lebanese Elderly: Prevalence, Relative Risks and Anthropometrical Measurements. El Bcheraoui C, Chapuis-Lucciani N. Service UMR 6578/CNRS, Faculté de Médecine Nord, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France. charbelbcheraoui@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of obesity in the Lebanese elderly population and to compare it to another sample studied 10 years ago; to investigate the best anthropometrical measurement related to obesity relative risks in this age group. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study about aging and obesity in the Lebanese society. SUBJECTS: 237 Lebanese elderly (60-85 yr.) selected randomly from an urban and a rural community. MEASUREMENTS: Height, weight, waist and hips circumferences. RESULTS: 47% of the studied sample is obese and obesity is related to gender, educational level and age. Body mass index (BMI) is a good indicator for diabetes 2. Central obesity did not correlate with obesity relative risks. CONCLUSION: Obesity is more prevalent in 2005 than it was in 1995. Prevention programs should be installed in schools and work places in Lebanon to fight against the epidemic of obesity.
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JOP. 2008 Jul 10;9(4):468-76. The Impact of Obesity On Surgical Outcome after Pancreaticoduodenectomy. Noun R, Riachy E, Ghorra C, Yazbeck T, Tohme C, Abboud B, Naderi S, Chalhoub V, Ayoub E, Yazbeck P. Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. rnoun@wise.net.lb
increasingly relevant issue given the growing rate of obesity worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the specific impact of obesity on pancreaticoduodenectomy. DESIGN: A retrospective comparative study of a prospectively maintained database was carried out to investigate the specific impact of obesity on the technical aspects and
postoperative outcome
of pancreaticoduodenectomy. PATIENTS: Between 1999 and 2006, 92 consecu ve pa ents underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy using a standardized technique. The study population was subdivided according to the presence or absence of obesity.
were non-obese. The two groups were comparable in terms of demographics, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score as well as nature and type of pancreatico-digestive anastomosis. The rate of clinically relevant pancrea c fistula (36.8% vs. 15.1%; P=0.050) and hospital stay (23.1+/-13.9 vs. 17.0+/-8.0 days; P=0.015) were significantly increased in obese vs. non-obese patients, respectively. Pancreatic fistula was responsible for one-half of the deaths (2/4) and two ruptured pseudoaneurysms. The incidence of the other procedure-related and general postoperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups. Intrapancrea c fat was increased in 10 obese pa ents (52.6%) and correlated posi vely both with BMI (P=0.001) and with the occurrence of pancrea c fistula (P=0.003).
pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Special surgical caution as well as vigilant postoperative monitoring are therefore recommended in obese patients. 356
Ann Nutr Metab. 2008;52(3):188-95. Epub 2008 Jun 11. Varia on of Postprandial PYY 3-36 Response Following Ingestion of Differing Macronutrient Meals in Obese Females. Helou N, Obeid O, Azar ST, Hwalla N. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. Abstract AIM: This study investigated the effect of macronutrient composition of meals on postprandial pep de YY(3-36) (PYY(3-36)) response in obese hyperinsulinemic females.
different macronutrient composition, high carbohydrate (HC; 60% CHO, 20% protein, 20% fat), high fat (HF; 30% CHO, 20% protein, 50% fat) and high protein (HP; 30% CHO, 50% protein, 20% fat), on three separate occasions, 1 month apart. PYY(3-36), insulin and glucose were measured before and 15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min following each meal. RESULTS: PYY(3-36) levels increased significantly following the three meals, with the HC meal resul ng in a sustained postprandial increase in PYY(3-36) level throughout the experimental period. Comparing the three meals, the HF meal induced a significantly higher increase in postprandial PYY(3-36) levels, at 15 and 30 min as compared to the HP meal (p < 0.05), whereas the postprandial increase following the HP meal became significantly higher than that following the HF meal at 120 min. Postprandial increase in PYY(3- 36) was highest in the first hour following the HF meal, while that following the HP meal was delayed by 1 h.
induce an immediate and prolonged increase in PYY(3-36), resul ng in increased satiety and its maintenance for a longer period of time.
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Obes Surg. 2008 May;18(5):573-7. Ten Years Experience with Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding. Biagini J, Karam L. Department of Surgery, Saint Joseph Hospital, Dora, Lebanon. jbiagini@inco.com.lb Abstract BACKGROUND: Gastric banding is a safe and efficient bariatric procedure. We report here the results of 591 consecu ve gastric bandings in terms of excess weight loss with up to 10 years follow-up and the complications.
underwent laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) by the same surgeon (JB). Of these pa ents, 69.2% were women. Mean age was 33.6 years +/- 10.7 and mean BMI was 41.95 kg/m2 +/- 8.7. Pa ents were reviewed monthly for the first 6 months, every 2 months for the next 6 months, and yearly therea er. Excess weight loss was calculated at 6 months and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 years.
one pa ents (8.6%) had band removal due to a complica on. Mean follow- up was 35 +/- 2 months. Percentage of excess weight loss was 45.8% +/- 27.4 at 6 months, 66.7% +/- 30.3 at 1 year, 72.6% +/- 28.8 at 2 years, 75.9% +/- 27.4 at 4 years, 82.8% +/- 32.6 at 6 years, 82.3% +/- 25.1 at 8 years, and 82.7% +/- 4.2 at 10 years. Complica ons encountered were band failure (9.3%), slippage (5.3%), erosion (4.6%), infec on (2.4%), high band posi on (1.9%), and others (2.8%). Complica on rate was 23.3% overall but dropped to 2.5% when calculated on the second half of the pa ents.
experience, the complication rate drops to a very low level. Close follow-up can further increase its efficacy.
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British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, March 2008; 8(2): 80-83 Vascular Complications of Diabetes in Lebanon: Experience at the American University of Beirut Nadine Taleb , Internal Medicine, Endocrinology American University of Beirut Medical Centre. Haytham Salti, Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Centre. Mona Al-Mokaddam, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology American University of Beirut Medical Centre. Marie Merheb, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology American University of Beirut Medical Centre. Ibrahim Salti, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology American University of Beirut Medical Centre. Mona Nasrallah, Internal Medicine, Endocrinology American University of
Beirut Medical
Centre, Mn36@aub.edu.lb Abstract AIM: To examine the metabolic control and presence of COMPLICATIONS: among a cohort of diabetic patients in Lebanon. Method A total of 313 diabe c pa ents presen ng for their usual care were screened in a cross-sectional manner for metabolic control and presence of complications at the American University of Beirut. RESULTS: Only 235 subjects completed their data of whom 220 (93%) had type 2 diabetes with mean dura on of disease of 8.2 (±6.6) years. Only 30% had haemoglobin A 1C < 7%, and 35.5% had low-density lipoprotein Cholesterol < 2.6 mmol/L. About 50.5% were obese, 34.9% current smokers, and 40.7% had blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg. Microvascular complica ons were present as 46.3, 39.9 and 33% for albuminuria, neuropathy, 33% for albuminuria, neuropathy, and re nopathy, respec vely. Macrovascular complica ons were as follows: 19.3, 18.3 and 4.1% for coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular disease, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the poor control and high prevalence of vascular complica ons among adult type 2 diabe c pa ents in Lebanon.
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Obes Surg. 2007 Nov;17(11):1482-6. Mini-Gastric Bypass by Mini-Laparotomy: A Cost-Effective Alternative in the Laparoscopic Era. Noun R, Riachi E, Zeidan S, Abboud B, Chalhoub V, Yazigi A. Department of Digestive Surgery, Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. rnoun@wise.net.lb Abstract BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic mini-gastric bypass (MGB) is being increasingly performed worldwide. Results of MGB by mini-laparotomy (minilap MGB) are hereby reported.
October 2006, were reviewed at an academic ins tu on. RESULTS: Mean age was 35 +/- 11.4 years (range 15-72), preopera ve BMI was 44 +/- 6.9 kg/m2 (range 35-61.8) and 80 (63.4%) were women. Co- morbidi es were present in 42 (33.3%). Opera ve me was 144 +/- 15.8 minutes (range 120-160) and length of hospital stay was 3.32 +/- 0.62 days (range 2-18). There was no hospital mortality, and the in-hospital complica on rate was 4.7%. No anastomo c leakage occurred, and the incidence of wound sepsis was 2.3%. The mean total cost of the procedure was 3408 +/- 547 USD (range 2967-6876). Five pa ents (3.9%) developed incisional hernias and 3 (2.3%) marginal ulcers. BMI at 6 months was 33.0 +/- 3.1 kg/m2 (range 26.8-43.5, P < 0.001) compared with preopera ve value. At 1 year, mean excess weight loss was 68.4% and comorbidi es resolved in 85%. CONCLUSION: Minilap MGB is a simple, safe, effective and low-cost gastric bypass. It represents an attractive cost-effective alternative to laparoscopic MGB.
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Can J Anaesth. 2007 Sep;54(9):744-7. Noninvasive Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure for Preoxygenation of the Critically Ill Morbidly Obese Patient. El-Khatib MF, Kanazi G, Baraka AS. Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut, P.O.Box: 11- 0236, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. Abstract PURPOSE: We describe the use of noninvasive bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) in a critically ill, hypoxemic and morbidly obese patient for preoxygenation prior to rapid sequence induction of anesthesia.
index: 49 kg.m(-2)) was scheduled for urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Preoxygena on with 5 L.min(-1) oxygen flow resulted in a moderate increase in oxygen satura on (SpO2) from 79% to 90%. Prior to rapid sequence induction of anesthesia, a trial of noninvasive BiPAP with oxygen delivery at 5 L.min(-1) increased his SpO2 to 95% ini ally, with full satura on of 99% achieved when oxygen flow was increased to 10 L.min(- 1). Bilevel posi ve airway pressure with an inspiratory and expiratory pressures of 17 cm H2O and 7 cm H2O, respec vely, was applied using a full face mask to achieve a dal volume of 8 mL.kg(-1). Rapid sequence induction proceeded uneventfully.
with respiratory compromise secondary to factors which reduce FRC, noninvasive BiPAP in combination with supplemental oxygen may be indicated whenever traditional preoxygenation does not provide adequate oxyhemoglobin saturation. Improved oxygenation is most likely attributable to improved ventilation and alveolar recruitment. 361
Anaesthesia. 2007 Aug;62(8):769-73. Supplementation of Pre-Oxygenation in Morbidly Obese Patients Using Nasopharyngeal Oxygen Insufflation. Baraka AS, Taha SK, Siddik-Sayyid SM, Kanazi GE, El-Khatib MF, Dagher CM, Chehade JM, Abdallah FW, Hajj RE. Department of Anaesthesiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. abaraka@aub.edu.lb
During apnoea following induction of anaesthesia, morbidly obese patients may suffer a rapid decrease in oxygen saturation. This study compares pre- oxygenation alone with pre-oxygenation followed by nasopharyngeal oxygen insufflation on the onset of desaturation occurring during the subsequent apnoea. A randomised controlled trial was performed in 34 morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass or gastric band surgery. Seventeen patients received nasopharyngeal oxygen supplementation following pre-oxygena on (Study group, body mass index = 41.8 (6.9) kg.m(-2)), and the other 17 pa ents received pre-oxygenation alone (Control group, body mass index = 42.7 (5.4) kg.m(-2)). Time from the onset of apnoea un l S(p)o(2) fell to 95% was compared between the two groups with a cut-off of 4 min. In the control group, the S(p)o(2) fell from 100% to 95% during the subsequent apnoea in 145 (27) s, with a significantly nega ve correla on (r(2) = 0.66, p < 0.05) between the me to
desatura on to 95% and the body mass index. In the study group, the S(p)o(2) was maintained in 16 of 17 pa ents at 100% for 4 min when apnoea was terminated. In conclusion, nasopharyngeal oxygen insufflation following pre-oxygenation in morbidly obese patients delays the onset of oxyhaemoglobin desaturation during the subsequent apnoea.
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Trop Med Int Health. 2007 Aug;12(8):907-19. Morbidity and Associated Factors in Rural and Urban Populations of South Lebanon: A Cross-Sectional Community-Based Study Of Self-Reported Health In 2000. Sabbah I, Vuitton DA, Droubi N, Sabbah S, Mercier M. PRISMAL Inserm Regional Research Network in Public Health, Université de Franche-Comté, Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Besançon, France.
South Lebanon, with an emphasis on the influence of the habitat location (urban vs. rural) and gender.
residents >/=14 years sampled from a random sample of households using a multi-level cluster sampling technique. Data on self-reported morbidity, lifestyle and socioeconomic status were collected through interviews, using a standardized questionnaire. To evaluate deprivation, a new index was created; the modified 'Living Conditions Index'. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to test the effect of habitat and gender on self- reported morbidity. RESULTS: People in one-fifth of the households lived in precarious conditions. Illiteracy was significantly higher in rural than urban settings. Urban residents reported obesity, varicose veins, anxiety/depression and visual disorders more often. Illiteracy, headaches, lumbar pain, varicose veins and anxiety/depression were more frequently reported by women, whereas ulcers, hearing disorders, cardio-vascular diseases and their risk factors were more frequently reported by men. Precarious living conditions were associated with headaches, lumbar pains and insomnia. Individuals covered by a health insurance sought care more often than the uninsured.
morbidity; women perceived their health as poorer than men and a number of disease conditions were influenced by deprivation. Our study confirms that the epidemiological transition phenomenon had occurred in South Lebanon in 2000. Our community-based data can serve as a baseline for monitoring changes in health in South Lebanon in the future and especially those because of the war that emerged in July 2006.
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