Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- Abstract BACKGROUND
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- Abstract AIM
- Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels in Women. Relationships with Body Mass Index, Insulin and Glucose Levels.
RESULTS: Obesity was found to be significantly associated with periodontitis in the uni-variate regression analysis (OR = 2.37, 95% CI, 1.55- 3.63). A er adjus ng for age, gender, smoking, employment, diabetes, marital status, and number of teeth present, obese subjects were found to be 1.86 mes more likely to have periodon s (95% CI, 0.99-3.51) than non-obese ones. When the sample was stratified based on age, the multivariate association was sta s cally significant among individuals < 40 years of age (OR = 2.67, 95% CI, 1.09-6.58) while among individuals > or = 40 years of age the associa on was sta s cally insignificant (OR = 1.06, 95% CI, 0.57-1.95). Stra fying the sample based on gender and smoking status revealed a stronger associa on among females than males (OR = 3.14 vs. 1.95) and among non-smokers than smokers (OR = 3.36 vs. 2.22).
periodontitis as measured by radiographic alveolar bone loss, especially among younger individuals. Prevention and management of obesity may be considered to promote better systemic and periodontal health.
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Obes Surg. 2005 Jan;15(1):101-5. Intragastric Balloon for Obesity: A Retrospective Evaluation of Tolerance and Efficacy. Al-Momen A, El-Mogy I. The Bariatric Surgery Center, Saad Specialist Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. aalmomen@saad.com.sa Abstract BACKGROUND: The intragastric balloon may be used for weight reduction for mild or moderate obesity, or for preoperative weight loss for super- obesity. The authors retrospectively evaluated the tolerance and efficacy of the BioEnterics Intragastric Balloon (BIB). METHODS: From October 2002 to July 2004, intragastric balloons were placed, under endoscopic control, in 44 pa ents (mean BMI 45 kg/m2 , mean age 31 years). The balloons were filled with 500-600 mL of normal saline. Removal was recommended for 6 months a er balloon inser on. RESULTS: 6 pa ents (13.6%) were lost to follow-up, 7 super-obese patients underwent LAGB at our hospital, and 2 pa ents had the BIB procedure performed twice. Balloon placement was uneventful. Removal was performed endoscopically in 38 pa ents under conscious seda on with anesthesiological assistance (2 pa ents had the BIB removed under general anesthesia). No cases of tracheal aspiration or spontaneous balloon evacua on were encountered. Sideeffects were vomi ng during the 1st week (77.2%), occasional vomi ng for >3 weeks (11.3%), hypokalemia (6.8%), func onal renal insufficiency (4.5%), abdominal pain (15.9%), and gastroesophageal reflux (6.8%). There was 1 gastric perfora on (treated laparoscopically a er removal of the BIB), 1 gastric ulcer, 4 cases of intolerance (1 of these elected to have LAGB), and 1 died (from other medical condi ons). Mean excess weight loss was 13 kg (33 kg in the super- obese).
CONCLUSIONS: The BIB appears to be safe provided that it is removed within the specified 6 months. Surveillance is necessary. It was efficient in reducing weight in patients with mild or moderate obesity and as preoperative treatment for super-obese patients to reduce the surgical risk before LAGB.
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Saudi Med J. 2004 Sep;25(9):1193-8. Relationship between Plasma Angiotensinii, Leptin and Arterial Blood Pressure. Al-Hazimi AM, Syiamic AY. Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University, PO Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. phsaaa7@hotmail.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: Obesity and hypertension are 2 closely associated conditions and obesity probably predisposed to hypertension. The mechanism of the association between obesity and hypertension is not clear. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), serum angiotensinII (AGII) and serum leptin levels and to investigate the relation between serum AGII and leptin. This study also aimed to rule out if there is a difference in serum AGII and leptin levels between lean and obese hypertensive females. METHODS: We measured fas ng serum AGII and lep n levels in 16 normotensive lean (LN) females, 25 obese normotensive (ON) females, 12 lean hypertensive (LH) females and 25 obese hypertensive (OH) females. All subjects had no evidence of preexisting cardiovascular disease, were non pregnant, had no previous history of ill health or smoking and were not on antihypertensive therapy. This study was performed in King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January 2002 through to January 2003 RESULTS: In lean groups, there were a significant increase in BMI and serum AGII in hypertensive group compared to normotensive group while the serum leptin level was insignificantly higher in hypertensive group than in normotensive group. On the other hand, there was a significant increase in serum AGII, BMI and serum leptin for obese hypertensive compared to obese normotensive group. The mean arterial blood pressure (ABP) was significantly correlated to serum AGII, serum leptin and BMI in all groups. A significant correlation was found between serum AGII and serum leptin if all studied females (LN, LH, ON and OH) or obese females (ON and OH) were analyzed (P=0.000 and 0.04). However, in lean females (LN and LH) there was no relation between serum AGII and serum leptin.
were strong predictor of BP, which is not the case in lean females in whom only serum AGII is a predictor of BP. Elevation of serum AGII and serum
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leptin levels when associated with increased BMI may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity induced hypertension. Further study on leptin resistance in obese persons and its relation to increased ABP has to be carried out.
East Mediterr Health J. 2004 Jul-Sep;10(4-5):663-70. Prevalence of Physical Inactivity in Saudi Arabia: A Brief Review. Al-Hazzaa HM. Exercise Physiology Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Major lifestyle changes in recent years in Saudi Arabia may be leading to physical inactivity and a low level of physical fitness. This paper reviews the current literature about physical inactivity in the Saudi Arabian population and discusses its implications for health. Available data from a small number of studies suggests a high prevalence (43.3%-99.5%) of physical inactivity among Saudi children and adults alike. Furthermore, the proportion of Saudi children and adults who are at risk due to inactivity is much higher than for any other coronary heart disease risk factor. It is recommended that a national policy encouraging activity in daily life be established and more studies are carried out to address physical activity patterns with representative samples of the Saudi Arabian population.
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Saudi Med J. 2004 Aug;25(8):1086-90. Relationship of Leptin Concentration to Gender, Body Mass Index and Age in Saudi Adults. Al-Harithy RN. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdul-Aziz University, PO
Box 40288,
Jeddah 21499,
Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
ralharithy@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: Leptin concentrations are highly correlated with body fat storage and exhibit sexual dimorphism, with women having higher concentrations at every level of relative or absolute adiposity. To test whether or not this relation is consistent across the Saudi population. This study aims to investigate the effect of gender, obesity related parameters, and age on leptin levels from representative samples of Saudi women and men.
Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the year 2003. Fas ng lep n concentra ons were determined a er an overnight fast in 122 healthy subjects (57 women, 65 men; age 20-75 years; body mass index [BMI] 16-56 kg/m2). The subjects were separated into female and male groups. To clarify the age and BMI-related changes in leptin levels, each gender was divided into 3 BMI groups (lean 15-24, overweight 25-30 and obese >30 kg/m2), and 3 age groups (younger 20-34, middle-aged 35-49 and older 50- 75 years); and they were treated separately. Anthropometrics measurements (weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences), blood pressure, and fasting glucose levels were taken at the time of the collection.
and females had higher lep n concentra on (6.04 +/- 4.71 ng/ml versus 1.72 +/- 0.95 ng/ml, p<0.0001) than males. Gender differences remained clear when leptin concentrations were divided by BMI or age. In comparing the pa ern of changes between the 2 genders, lep n levels were low in lean individuals and rose with increased BMI in both genders. Age-related change in leptin levels showed a tendency toward a non-significant reduc on in older women and a significant (p=0.05) rise in older men. Correlation analysis between leptin and BMI were highly significant in female (r=0.64; p=0.0001) and male (r=0.49; p=0.0001) groups independent of age and sex. The findings were further explored using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with leptin concentrations as the dependent 584
variable and age, BMI, waist hip ratio (WHR), waist, and hip measurements as independent variables. The analysis demonstrated that the determinants of lep n concentra ons were BMI and age (r=0.69; p=0.015) in women and BMI, age and WHR (r=0.61; p=0.01) in men. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that there are gender- specific and age-dependent gender-specific differences in leptin concentrations in healthy Saudi individuals. However, this study indicates that there may be unknown variables that may also influence leptin levels in Saudi women and men.
Acta Paediatr. 2003 Dec;92(12):1482-5. Body Mass Index for Saudi Children with Down's Syndrome. Al Husain M. Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. mhusain97@hotmail.com Abstract AIM: Children with Down's syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of obesity than children without DS. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and to establish reference body mass index (BMI) percentile curves for Saudi children with uncomplicated DS below the age of 5 y.
compared with 989 Saudi children without DS. Both groups were compared with the international cut-off point figures for age and gender.
and their mean BMI curves were linear to the international cut-off points for BMI, indicating a clear tendency for overweight. BMI reference percentile curves were constructed. CONCLUSION: Reference curves for BMI worked out in this study, taken in conjunction with those for height and weight, will be useful in monitoring the size and shape of Saudi children with DS up to the age of 5 y.
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East Mediterr Health J. 2003 Sep-Nov;9(5-6):884-92. Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Saudi Arabian and Non- Saudi Arabian Diabetic Patients in Saudi Arabia. Akbar DH, Ahmed MM, Algamdi AA. Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract To determine frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in Saudi and non- Saudi diabetics, we studied patients attending King Abdulaziz University Hospital for follow-up in the period January 1997 to December 2001. Cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and smoking, were studied as well as degree of blood glucose control. Of 1122 pa ents in the study, 48% were Saudis and 52% non-Saudis. No statistically significant difference was found for prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors between the two groups. Correlation of each of the risk factors to patient's age showed significant correlation to hypertension and smoking.
Saudi Med J. 2003 Aug;24(8):837-41. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels in Women. Relationships with Body Mass Index, Insulin and Glucose Levels. Al-Harithy RN. Womens Biochemistry Department, King Abdul-Aziz University, PO Box 40288, Jeddah 21499, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ralharithy@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S) are the most abundant steroids in human plasma. Previous studies have shown that administration of DHEA-S is more effective than DHEA in reducing adipose tissue mass and cellularity in rats. Another study suggested that maintaining high levels of DHEA-S might prevent the development of obesity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) levels with respect to obesity, fasting insulin and glucose levels in a cohort of obese and normal weight healthy Saudi women.
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METHODS: This study was carried out at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the year 2001. A total of 65 healthy volunteers between 19-30 years of age with body mass index (BMI) of 15.35-38.30 kg/m2 were grouped into 26 young obese females of BMI > 27 kg/m2 and 39 young lean females of BMI < 27 kg/m2. Weight, height, waist and hip circumference, fasting blood glucose, insulin and DHEA-S levels were measured.
group than in the lean women. In all subjects, DHEA-S levels were related nega vely with BMI (p=0.02, correla on co-efficient [r]=-0.25) and hip circumference (p=0.03, r=-0.27). In the obese group, DHEA-S levels showed a significant posi ve rela onship with insulin (p=0.03, r=0.43). No significant relationship was found between DHEA-S and glucose levels in considering either the whole group or the obese women.
better associated with DHEA-S than the waist circumference or waist-to-hip ratio. The data indicated that BMI and hip circumference are important factors in explaining DHEA-S variability. Insulin could have an independent regulatory effect on DHEA-S secretion, but glucose metabolism is not related. 587
Ann Saudi Med. 2003 Jan-Mar;23(1-2):24-7. Increased Frequency of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme DD Genotype in Saudi Overweight and Obese Patients. El-Hazmi MA, Warsy AS. Department of Medical Biochemistry and the WHO Collaborating Centre, College of Medicine, King Khalid University Hospital and Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, mohsen@ksu.edu.sa. Abstract BACKGROUND: Several studies have been carried out to investigate the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in obese and normal weight individuals, often with contradictory results in different populatios. In some studies, the DD genotype occurs at a high frequency in obesity, while in others no association has been demonstrated. Since obesity and overweight are of frequent occurrence in the Saudi population, we initiated this study to investigate the I/D polymorphism of ACE in obese, overweight and normal weight Saudis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study group included 457 Saudi males and females. The height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Based on the BMI value, the total study population was classified as normal, overweight and obese. A total of 117 obese (BMI >30 (kg/m(2))), 185 overweight (BMI=25-29.9 (kg/m(2))) and 155 normal weight individuals (BMI< (kg/m (2)) were enrolled. Polymerase chain reac on (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were used to study the ACE polymorphism. For the dele on (D) form, a 190 bp and for the inser on (I) form, 490 bp DNA fragment were obtained on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis.
73.5% in the overweight individuals, compared to 19.66% and 24.86% of the ID genotype in the obese and overweight, respectively. Among the normal weight individuals, the frequency was significantly lower for DD and higher for the ID genotype, i.e., 58.7% for DD and 40% for ID. The allele frequencies in the obese were 0.867 and 0.133 for the D and I alleles, respec vely. While in the overweight, the frequencies were 0.859 and 0.141 for these alleles, respec vely, compared to 0.787 and 0.213 in the normal weight individuals.
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CONCLUSIONS: The DD genotype and D allele occur at a high frequency in Saudi overweight and obese individuals, and may have some role in fat accumulation by affecting metabolic pathways of fat, thus leading to the development of overweight and obesity. Saudi Med J. 2003 Jan;24(1):27-33. Obesity among Saudi Male Adolescents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Al-Rukban MO. Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mrukban@health.net.sa Abstract OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its correlates among Saudi male adolescents in Riyadh. As well as evaluating their knowledge, attitude and practice towards obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted in intermediate and secondary schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was carried out during a 5-month period, September 2001-January 2002. A sample of 894 Saudi male adolescents (age 12-20 years) was selected through the mul -stage sampling technique. Socio-demographic characteristics; dietary and activity history; obesity-related knowledge and behavior; and family and past medical history data were obtained by a self-administered questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of weight and height were performed. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated, and adolescents with a BMI age-specific percen le of > or = 85th-< 95th were considered overweight and > or = 95th were considered obese.
Family history (odds ra o, 2.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-3.61) and lack of physical ac vity (odds ra o, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.01- 2.62) were associated with adolescent obesity. Twenty percent of overweight participants did not think they were overweight.
among male adolescents in Riyadh. A national prevention program with involvement of schools is recommended to avoid obesity-related morbidity in adulthood. 589
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2003 Jan;27(1):134-9. Download 5.37 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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