Overweight and Obesity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
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- Abstract BACKGROUND
- Abstract OBJECTIVE
- Obesity: An Emerging Problem In Saudi Arabia. Analysis Of Data From The National Nutrition Survey.
CONCLUSION: Compared to national and international references, our population is more similar to the American reference population than the national population, with a healthier growth pattern that could be related to the nature of the less urbanized community, the policies limiting the fast food chains inside the housing city and the presumed higher physical activity of children in our population. Thus, we encourage the promotion of more health programs to preserve this healthy pattern, and the performance of more studies to help understand the nature of growth related factors in our community.
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J Physiol Anthropol. 2007 Jun;26(4):459-65. Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity among Obese and Non-Obese 8- To 12-Year-Old Saudi Schoolboys. Al-Hazzaa HM. Exercise Physiology Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11423, Saudi Arabia. halhazzaa@hotmail.com Abstract Physical activity levels were measured in obese and non-obese 8- to 12- year-old schoolboys (n=296). Anthropometric measures included weight, height, body mass index (BMI), triceps and subscapular skinfolds, predicted fat percentage, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), FM index (FMI), and FFM index (FFMI). Physical activity was assessed using an electronic pedometer for three continuous weekdays. Boys were divided into active and inactive groups based on daily accumulation of pedometer counts above or below 13,000 steps. Obesity was defined as body fat content that equals or exceeds 25% of body weight. The interna onal age- and gender- specific child BMI cut-off points were also used to define overweight and obesity. Es mated fat content for the whole sample averaged 23.3+/-9.7%. More than 37% of the boys were classified as obese. The mean step counts were about 13,489+/-5,791 steps per day (range: 335-29,169 steps). Over 71% of the boys accumulated 10,000 steps or more per day. Based on BMI standards, mean step counts for the obese group (10,602+/-4,800 steps/day) were significantly (p=0.004) lower than in the normal group (14,271+/-5,576 steps/day). Based on fat percentage, obese boys also accumulated significantly (p=0.009) lower numbers of steps per day (12,682+/-5,236) than did non-obese boys (14,915+/-5,643). Further, there were significant differences (p<0.05) between ac ve and inac ve boys in weight, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, fat percentage, FMI, and flexibility. It is concluded that the prevalence of obesity and inactivity among Saudi boys aged 8-12 years was high. Ac ve boys exhibited significantly lower body fat percentage and BMI than inactive peers. Obese boys, on the other hand, were significantly less active than non-obese boys. Increased prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity among Saudi children is a major public health concern. 553
J Pediatr Surg. 2007 May;42(5):894-7. Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in Adolescent: Safety And Efficacy. Al-Qahtani AR. Division of Pediatric Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia. qahtani@yahoo.com Abstract BACKGROUND: Obesity prevalence is rapidly increasing among children and adolescents worldwide. It is considered one of the most alarming public health issues facing the world today. The adult experience has demonstrated that surgery is the only effective means of achieving persistent weight loss in obese patients. However, little is known about bariatric surgery in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) in this group of patients. METHODS: A retrospective review included all children and adolescents who underwent LAGB from January 2003 to December 2005. RESULTS: Fifty-one pa ents underwent LAGB. The mean age was 16.8 years (range, 9-19), and the mean body mass index was 49.9 kg/m2 (range, 38-63). Mean excess weight loss was 42% at 6 months and 60% at 1 year follow-up. The most prevalent comorbidities were obstructive sleep apnea, limited physical activities, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Band adjustments were performed under fluoroscopic guidance in 5 pa ents and direct access as a clinic procedure in the remaining. One patient required port repositioning under fluoroscopic guidance. The mean follow-up was 16 months (range, 3-34). There was no mortality or significant postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: The absence of significant nutritional deficiency, the continued adjustability, and potential reversibility of LAGB make it the safest, least invasive, and most effective bariatric surgery that can be offered to the young and adolescent population. 554
Saudi Med J. 2007 May;28(5):766-73. Adiposity and Physical Activity Levels among Preschool Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Rasheedi AA. Exercise Physiology Laboratory, King Saud University, PO Box 9792, Riyadh 11423, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. halhazzaa@hotmail.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of adiposity and physical activity among Saudi preschool children from Jeddah. METHODS: Par cipants included 224 Saudi preschool children, randomly selected from public and private preschools in Jeddah during April and May of 2006, using a mul stage stra fied sampling technique. Measurements included weight, height, body mass index, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, fat percentage, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI), time spent watching television and physical activity levels using electronic pedometer for 3 con nuous days during weekdays.
prevalence of obesity was 10.8%. There were significant gender differences in fat percentage, FM, FFM, FMI, and FFMI. The mean value for pedometer- determined steps counts for the preschool children was 6773.2 steps per day. Boys were significantly more ac ve than girls. Only 22.4% of the preschool children had 10,000 steps or more per day. There were no significant age differences in skinfolds measurements, fat percentage, FMI, FFMI, central obesity or daily steps counts. Television viewing time increased by 22.5% from age 4 to age 6. Compared to non-obese, obese preschool children were significantly heavier, taller and had higher values for all adiposity indices and television viewing time.
obese and even a greater proportion is physically inactive. Obesity and physical inactivity represent major risks for a number of non-communicable diseases, and an early intervention is most appropriate. 555
EMHJ. WHO, 2007, March - April 13(2) Obesity: An Emerging Problem in Saudi Arabia. Analysis of Data from The National Nutrition Survey A.I. Al-Othaimeen, 1 M. Al-Nozha 2 and A.K. Osman 3
To document the prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia, we used data from a cross- sectional study on 19 598 individuals in 2837 households. Body mass index, skinfold thickness and mid-arm circumference were measured. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 33.9% in Ha’il to 11.7% in Jizan. More women than men were obese, 23.6% compared to 14.2%. Prevalence of overweight was 30.7% for males and 28.4% for females. Obesity was present in all age groups. It is clear that changes must be made to the lifestyle of the Saudi population in order to reduce the prevalence of obesity .
East Mediterr Health J. 2007 Mar-Apr;13(2):441-8. Obesity: An Emerging Problem In Saudi Arabia. Analysis Of Data From The National Nutrition Survey. Al-Othaimeen AI, Al-Nozha M, Osman AK. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Scientific Computing, Nutrition Epidemiology Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. othaimeen@kfshrc.edu.sa
To document the prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia, we used data from a cross-sec onal study on 19,598 individuals in 2837 households. Body mass index, skinfold thickness and mid-arm circumference were measured. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 33.9% in Ha'il to 11.7% in Jizan. More women than men were obese, 23.6% compared to 14.2%. Prevalence of overweight was 30.7% for males and 28.4% for females. Obesity was present in all age groups. It is clear that changes must be made to the lifestyle of the Saudi population in order to reduce the prevalence of obesity. 556
Obes Rev. 2007 Mar;8(2):93-9. Prevalence And Socioeconomic Risk Factors Of Obesity Among Urban Female Students In Al-Khobar City, Eastern Saudi Arabia, 2003. Al-Saeed WY, Al-Dawood KM, Bukhari IA, Bahnassy A. Department of Family & Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. wyss86@hotmail.com Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the socioeconomic risk factors associated with obesity among female school- aged children and adolescents in primary and intermediate schools in Al- Khobar city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Khobar city, which is located in the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, during the period of January to March 2003. It involved 2239 female schoolchildren randomly selected from 30 regular government and private primary and preparatory schools. The students' ages ranged from 6 to 17 years, with a mean of 10.49 +/- 2.64 years. A mul stage stra fied random sampling technique with proportional allocation was used. Data were collected using questionnaires and anthropometric measurements. Body mass index interpretation was based on using a table of standard definitions for overweight and obesity in children (Cole's). The spss version 10 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for data entry and analysis. A chi- squared test was used in cross-tabulation analysis to test the significance of association between body mass index and socioeconomic variables. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 20% and 11%, respec vely. The prevalence of overweight was higher among schoolchildren with father in private work (P<0.01) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among schoolchildren with highly educated mothers (P=0.008). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among female school-aged children and adolescents in the Al-Khobar city was very high. Accordingly, it is recommended that health education programmes regarding obesity should be provided to all schoolchildren, their families and teachers.
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Saudi Med J. 2007 May;28(5):766-73. Adiposity and Physical Activity Levels among Preschool Children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Al-Hazzaa HM, Al-Rasheedi AA. Exercise Physiology Laboratory, King Saud University, PO Box 9792, Riyadh 11423, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. halhazzaa@hotmail.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the levels of adiposity and physical activity among Saudi preschool children from Jeddah. METHODS: Par cipants included 224 Saudi preschool children, randomly selected from public and private preschools in Jeddah during April and May of 2006, using a mul stage stra fied sampling technique. Measurements included weight, height, body mass index, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, fat percentage, fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), FM index (FMI) and FFM index (FFMI), time spent watching television and physical activity levels using electronic pedometer for 3 con nuous days during weekdays.
prevalence of obesity was 10.8%. There were significant gender differences in fat percentage, FM, FFM, FMI, and FFMI. The mean value for pedometer- determined steps counts for the preschool children was 6773.2 steps per day. Boys were significantly more ac ve than girls. Only 22.4% of the preschool children had 10,000 steps or more per day. There were no significant age differences in skinfolds measurements, fat percentage, FMI, FFMI, central obesity or daily steps counts. Television viewing time increased by 22.5% from age 4 to age 6. Compared to non-obese, obese preschool children were significantly heavier, taller and had higher values for all adiposity indices and television viewing time.
obese and even a greater proportion is physically inactive. Obesity and physical inactivity represent major risks for a number of non-communicable diseases, and an early intervention is most appropriate. 558
Middle East J Anesthesiol. 2007 Feb;19(1):51-60. Hemodynamic Profile During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Versus Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery: The Impact of Morbid Obesity. El-Dawlatly AA. Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461. P.O. Box: 2925, Saudi Arabia. dawlatly@ksu.edu.sa Abstract The present study investigated the hemodynamic profile using impedance cardiography (ICG) monitor during pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus bariatric surgery in order to determine the impact of body weight on hemodynamics.
Group 1 (16 pa ents) scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lapchole) with body mass index (BMI) 28 +/- 5 kg/m2. Group 2 (16 patients) scheduled to undergo laparoscopic adjustable band (LAGB) surgery for treatment of morbid obesity with BMI 45.3 +/- 8 kg/m2. under general anesthesia. Besides routine monitoring, impedance cardiography was used for hemodynamic monitoring. Three stages were identified for statistical analysis A, pre-insufflation, B, during vere pneumoperitoneum and C, at gas deflation.
were, 3.0 +/- 1.7, 2.5 +/- 0.5 and 2.7 +/- 0.5 L/min/m2 respec vely with significant low values in stage B compared to stage A (p < 0.05). The same trend con nue in group 2 where the mean values were, 2.4 +/- 0.6, 1.8 +/- 0.6 and 2.3 +/- 0.9 L/min/m2 respec vely with significant differences compared to group 1 mean values (p < 0.05). Other hemodynamic variables showed non-significant differences (p > 0.05).
morbid obese patients compared to nonobese, which may reflect the effect of body weight on hemodynamics. On the other hand other hemodynamic parameters was not altered by body weight. We believe that hemodynamics should be closely monitored during laparoscopic surgery with pneumoperitoneum. 559
Saudi Med J. 2007 Jan;28(1):41-5. Is It Necessary to Consider Obesity when Constructing Norms for Hemoglobin or When Screening for Anemia Using Hemoglobin Levels? Al-Hashem FH. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, PO Box 641, Abha 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. fahaid999@yahoo.com Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship of total adiposity and abdominal adiposity on hemoglobin levels in Saudi nonpregnant women. METHODS: We carried out this cross-sec onal study during winter of 2002 (from January to March) in and around Abha city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Included in the study were 530 non-pregnant women between the age of 18-65 years. Body weight was measured using an Avery Beam weighing scale, while height was measured using a stadiometer and waist circumference using a fiberglass. Hemoglobin levels were estimated using cyanmethemoglobin method. Total obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) >or=30 and abdominal obesity as WC >88 cm. RESULTS: The mean and median hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in abdominally obese women compared with totally obese (p<0.04 versus <0.02) and non obese ones (p<0.04 versus <0.03). No significant differences in the mean and median hemoglobin levels were observed when abdominally obese women were compared with both abdominally and totally obese ones (p<0.7 for both). The mean and the median hemoglobin levels were virtually identical in non-obese and totally obese women. Statistical analysis showed that the mean hemoglobin level was posi vely and significantly associated with WC (p<0.005) and nega vely and insignificantly associated with BMI (p<0.8). CONCLUSION: In view of the positive and significant association between abdominal obesity and the mean hemoglobin level in this population, abdominal obesity should be considered when constructing norms for hemoglobin or when screening for anemia using hemoglobin levels. 560
J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 2007;82(1-2):21-42. Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors: Prevalence and Behavior Among Male University Students in Dammam City, Saudi Arabia. Sabra AA, Taha AZ, Al-Sebiany AM, Al-Kurashi NY, Al-Zubier AG. Primary Health Care Division, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University. amrsabra_eg@yahoo.com Abstract Smoking, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are the common risk factors among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). High dietary fat intake, smoking, and lack of physical exercise have all been documented as independent risk factors for the development of CHD. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of CHD risk factors among King Faisal University (KFU) male students in Dammam city, Saudi Arabia. A sample size of 10% of the target popula on (2054 male students of KFU colleges) was selected comprising 205 students. The study sample was selected by a multistage stratified random sampling technique with propor onal alloca on from all class levels. The response rate was 77.6%, where a total of 159 students were included in the study. Data was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, which included sociodemographic variables and risk factors for CHD. The following measurements were performed: weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), blood pressure, and random capillary blood glucose. It was found that 28.9% of the university students do not prac ce any type of physical exercise. About 19% of the students were current smokers. A high proportion of university students were consuming fast foods, saturated fats, and so drinks. Overweight (24.5%), obesity (11.9%), severe obesity (10.7%) as measured by BMI, as well as unacceptable WHR (10.7%) as an indicator of obesity were evident. Family history of obesity and unacceptable WHR were found to be statistically associated with increased obesity. Therefore, intervention programs to raise the health awareness of adolescents about CHD risk factors and encourage them to adopt a healthy dietary behavior, promote physical exercise and smoking cessation should be initiated.
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Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2007;16(3):462-6. Rising Trends In BMI of Saudi Adolescents: Evidence from Three National Cross Sectional Studies. Al-Hazzaa HM. Director, Exercise Physiology Laboratory, King Saud University, PO Box 9792, Riyadh, 11423, Saudi Arabia. halhazzaa@hotmail.com Download 5.37 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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