Practical english

Practical English GRAMMAR

PRACTICAL ENGLISH
GRAMMAR

S.Mardonova

The Noun
Eng ko’p tarqalgan ot yasovchi qo’shimchalar:
-er (-or, -ar), worker; -ness happiness; -ment improvement; -(a)tion examination; -ity activity; -hood childhood; -dom freedom; -ship friendship; -ant assistant; -age breakage, - ance appearance; -sion decision; -th length; -ure closure
❗ Donalab sanalmaydigan otlar sanalmaydigan otlar (Uncountable Nouns) deyiladi. Bularga:
1) suyuqliklar: acid kislota, alcohol, balm malham dori , balsam, beer, blood, coffee, milk, oil
2) quyuqliklar: (thick liquids): cream, ice cream, jam, paste, glue, syrup sirop, sauce sous, polish
3) qattiq jismlar: bread, butter, china chinni, coal, foood, fruit, glass ice, iron, meat soap
4) gazlar: air, oxygen, pollution, smoke, steam
5) zarra/parchalilar: corn, dust, flour, hair, pepper, rice, salt, sand sugar, wheat, soil
6) fanlar: chemistry history, literature
7) tillar: English, French, German
8) o’yinlar: baseball, chess, golf, poker
9) kasalliklar: cancer, flu, mumps
10) tabiiy hodisalar: darkness, fog, hail, heat, light, rain, snow, thunder, wind, weather.
11) ba’zi jamlovchi otlar: Baggage, luggage, furniture, jewellery, machinery, money, rubbish.
12) bazi mavhum otlar: accommodation, advice, anger, applause, assistance, behavior, business, countryside, courage, damage, dirt, education, evidence, house work, homework, information, intelligence, knowledge, luck, music, news, peace, progress, seaside, shopping, trouble, truth, wealth, work
13) – ing activities: playing, running
❗ Quyidagi mavhum otlar ingliz tilida sanaladigan hisoblanadi: Choice, job, suggestion, headache, opportunity, idea, change, chance, problem, situation, circumstance, answer, reply, belief, lie, mistake, opinion, question, promise.
❗ Bazi mavhum otlar oldidan a/an qo’yiladi: a knowledge, a pity, a relief, a shame, a wonder.
❗ Ayrim sanalmaydigan otlar ko’plikda ishlatilishi mumkin qachonki tur nazarda tutilsa: wines vino turlari
❗ Ba’zi sanalmaydigan ot sanaladigan otga aylanadi qachonki idish nazarda tutilsa a coffee - 1 chashka kofe
❗ Ba’zi otlar sanalmaydigan hisoblanadi, ammo ularning tarkibiy qismlari yoki turlari sanaladigan hisoblanadi:
1) bread sanalmaydi ammo a loaf, a bun, a cake, a biscuit sanaladi;
2) money sanalmaydi, ammo a dollar, a cent, a pound, a rouble, a coin, a note sanaladi;
3) clothing sanalmaydi, ammo a garment, a shirt, a dress, a skirt sanaladi;
4) luggage sanalmaydi, ammo a case, a bag sanaladi.
❗ Ba’zi otlar ikki ma’noga ega bo’lib birida sanalmaydigan, birida sanaladigan hisoblanadi: