Russian Lessons: Time Schedule
SUBJECT 1. RUSSIAN ALPHABET and BASIC GRAMMAR
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- Russian letter Letters name in Russian Pronounced as Transliteration Аа "ah" a in car a
- KAPABAH
SUBJECT 1. RUSSIAN ALPHABET and BASIC GRAMMAR
PRINCIPLES Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The following table presents a printed image of each Russian letter (capital and small one), its English transliteration and approximate pronunciation. Russian letter Letter's name in Russian Pronounced as Transliteration Аа "ah" a in car a Бб "beh" b in bit b Вв "veh" v in vine v Гг "geh" g in go g Дд "deh" d in do d Ее "yeh" ye in yet ye Ёё "yo" yo in yolk yo Жж "zheh" s in pleasure zh Зз "zeh" z in zoo z Ии "ee" ee in see i Йй "ee kratkoyeh" ("short ee") y in boy y Кк "kah" k in kitten k Лл "ehl" l in lamp l Мм "ehm" m in map m Нн "ehn" n in not n Оо "oh" o in folk o Пп "peh" p in pet p Рр "ehr" r in roll (you should r-r-roll your tongue) r Сс "ehs" s in see s Тт "teh" t in too t Уу "oo" oo in book (longer) u Фф "ehf" f in face f Хх "khah" h in house kh 10 Цц "tseh" tz in quartz ts Чч "cheh" ch in chip ch Шш "shah" sh in shut sh Щщ "schyah" sh+ch shch Ъъ (see Note below) "tvyord.yy znak" separation (hard) mark '' Ыы "i" i in it .y Ьь (see Note below) "myagkiy znak" separation (soft) mark ' Ээ "eh" e in men e Юю "yoo" u in university yu Яя "yah" ya in yard ya Note: Both the hard sign ъ and soft sign ь are used to separate the consonant and the following it vowel, and sound approximately as "y" in "boy". In addition, the soft sign ь always softens the preceding consonant. As soon as you have learnt by heart from the above table how each Russian letter is pronounced (even approximately), you will be able to read Russian words more or less correctly. For you it will be a considerably easier task than for a Russian speaker who has just started to learn English. While pronunciation and spelling of many English words have little in common, Russian words in most cases are read exactly as they are written. A foreigner struggling with an English text will usually not be able to pronounce words which he or she did not meet before: it is impossible to remember all the reading rules; and the number of exceptions is even bigger. But you will be able to read practically any Russian text even though you may not understand it at all. 11 The technique of reading long and unfamiliar Russian words is simple. At first, you should divide a selected word into syllables. Then say together the letters contained in the first syllable. Do the same for the second syllable, then for the third, and so on, until you have reached the end of the word. Now, when you have pronounced loudly each syllable of the word, say them all quickly: one after another. For example, you want to pronounce the Russian word "KAPABAH", which means a caravan. Let's follow the procedure described above: 1. Divide the selected word into syllables: KA - PA - BAH. 2. Say together the letters contained in the first syllable. 3. Continue the same exercise with the two other syllables. 4. Say all these syllables quickly: one after another. Using the internationally accepted transliteration symbols presented in the above table, which allow expression of any Russian word by letters of the English alphabet, we can now record the correct pronunciation of the word in question: [ka-ra-`van]. As the symbol " ` " shows, this particular word has the stress on the third syllable. However, many Russian words have the stress on the first or second syllable. In longer words more than one stress may be required. 12 Stress is important not only for correct pronunciation. Sometimes it may even change the meaning of a word. For ex ample, the Russian word "МУКА” can mean either flour (if pronounced: mu-`ka) or anguish (if pronounced: `mu-ka) If you are not sure where any particular word should have the stress, check it in a dictionary. Russian vowels are not divided into short or long sounds: they all have medium length. All these rules look simple enough. However, as with any other rules, the pronunciation rules in Russian language have their own exceptions. The most important of them are listed below: 1. Vowel "o" is pronounced as [o] only when it is under the stress, e.g. the Russian word for fashion " Download 3.08 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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