S. o r I f j o n o V elektromagnitizm
Download 48 Kb. Pdf ko'rish
|
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- 8 - § . G a u s s t e o r e m a s i
- K ulon q o n u n id a g i d araja k o ‘r s a tk ic h i m a s a la s i.
- 0 ‘tkazgich hajmining neytralligi.
|
va s p a ra m e trla r te n z o r la r b ila n ta s v irla n a d i, u la rn in g te n z o r xossalari ay n iq sa o p tik a d a a h a m iy a tlid ir. U sh b u qoM Ianm ada fa q a t iz o tro p m u h itla r n i o ‘rg a n is h b ila n c h e k la n a m iz . Z a r y a d la r m u h itd a t a ’sirla s h g a n d a t a ’sir e tu v c h i k u c h b o ‘s h - liq d a g id a n k a m ro q boM adi, s h u n in g u c h u n K u lo n q o n u n ig a va n u q ta v iy z a ry a d m a y d o n i fo rm u la la rig a tu z a tis h k iritis h k erak . M u h itd ag i m a y d o n k u c h la n g a n lig i e m a rta k a m a y ish in i A rdoim iyda h is o b g a o lish m u m k in : к = 1 / 4я££0 . (7.10) U h o ld a K u lo n q o n u n i, n u q ta v iy z a ry a d m a y d o n k u c h l a n ganligi, n u q ta v iy za ry ad p o te n sia lin in g к ish tiro k id ag i fo rm u la la rid a h e c h q a n d a y o ‘zg a rish boM m aydi. B u y e rd a fa q a t n u q ta v iy z a r y a d n in g m a y d o n in d u k s iy a s i u c h u n fo r m u la n i k e ltira m iz : (7 .1 1 ) fo r m u la d a m u h itn in g x a ra k te ris tik a s i e is h tir o k e tm a s lig i m a y d o n in d u k siy a si D fa q a t e rk in z a ry a d la rn in g m a y d o n i ek a n lig in i k o 'r s a ta d i. S e g n e to e le k trik la r d e b a ta lu v c h i m o d d a la r d a ta s h q i m a y d o n D b o M m ag an d a h a m q u tb la n is h k u z a tila r e k a n . B u n d a y m o d d a - lard ag i e le k tr m a y d o n o ‘quv q o M lan m asin in g o h iig i q is m id a k o ‘rib c h iq ilad i. S a v o l va m a s a la la r 7.1. BogMangan zaryadlar deb q anday zaryadlarga aytiladi? E rkin zaryadlar deb nim aga aytiladi? 7.2. BogMangan va erkin zaryadlarning m aydoni nim adan iborat? 7.3. Elektr m aydon kuchlanganligi va induksiyasi fizik jihatdan qanday farq qiladi? 7.4. E lektr m aydon kuchlanganligi va induksiyasi qanday bogMiq? 7.5. Elektr m aydoni o'tkazgichlarga qanday ta ’sir etadi? 7.6. D ielektriklarning qanday elektr xarakteristikalari mavjud? 7.7. Dielektrik muhit K ulon qonuniga qanday hissa q o ‘shadi? 7.8. Dielektrikning qutblanishi P qanday m a’noga ega? U ning yo‘nalishi va elektr m aydoni qanday? 7.9. (7.11) form ulani vektor tarzd a k o ‘chiring. 7.10. Bir m ol A l dagi erkin elektronlar m iqdorini С birligida toping. 8 - § . G a u s s t e o r e m a s i 4 -§ ele k tro sta tik m a y d o n k u c h la n g a n - lig id a n y o p iq c h iz iq b o ‘y lab in te g ra l h i- s o b la n g a n e d i. I n t e g r a t i n g n o lg a ten g lig i e le k tro sta tik m a y d o n p o te n s ia lin in g k iriti- lishiga, m a y d o n h a q id a yangi m a ’lu m o tla r o lin is h ig a o lib k e lg a n d i. U s h b u b o 'l im d a m a y d o n k u c h la n g a n lig i va in d u k siy a sid a n y o p iq s irt b o ‘y ic h a in teg ral h is o b la b , yangi m a ’lu m o tla r to p ila d i. M a y d o n in d u k siy a si D ni d S y u z a o rq a li o q im in i h iso b la y lik . v e k to r y u z a g a tik jo y la s h g a n b o ‘lib , y u z a k a t t a l i g i d a n ta s h q a r i f a z o d a q a n d a y jo y la s h g a n in i h a m ifo d a la y d i. D v e k to r n i b u y u z a o rq a li o q im i s k a ly a r k o 'p a y tm a b ila n ifo d a la n a d i: D d S = D dSc os 0 • (8.1) b u r c h a k n o l b o ‘lg a n id a , y a ’ni D v e k to r sirtg a tik b o ‘lg a n id a o q im e n g k a tta b u rc h a k в = к / 2 b o 'lg a n id a o q im n o lg a te n g b o ‘ladi. (8 .1 ) d a n fo y d a la n ib , D v e k to rn in g z a ry a d n i o 'r a b tu ru v c h i ix tiy o riy S s ir t o rq a li ( 8 .1 - r a s m ) o q im in i h is o b la y lik . B u n in g u c h u n b u tu n s ir t k ic h ik e le m e n tla r g a b o ‘lin a d i, h a r b i r e le m e n t d S v e k to rla r b ila n ifo d a la n a d i. B u tu n s irt o rq a li o q i m in te g ra l b ila n ifo d a la n a d i (8 .2 -ra s m ) : & D d S = & D dScosd = = ^ - ф ^ - = - Q - i d n s s 4л s ' j r s B u y e r d a d S 0 — d S v e k to rn in g D m a y d o n y o ‘n a lis h ig a p ro y e k - siy a si, d S 0 y u z a k o n u s o ‘q ig a tik b o ‘lib , d n = d S 0 / r 2 fa z o v iy b u rc h a k n in g k ic h ik e lem e n tid ir. j> d n = An b o ‘lib, q u y id a g i n atijaga С j D dS = Q. 5 N u q ta v iy z a ry a d a tro fid a g i e le k tr in d u k s iy a o q im i s h u z a ry a d g a te n g ek an . B u n d a y m a y d o n o q im in i ix tiy o riy z a ry a d a tro f id a h iso b lash m u m k in . H a r q a n d a y z a r y a d e l e m e n t a r z a ry a d la r t o ‘p la m id a n ib o ra t b o 'lg a n i u c h u n , u la r n in g m a y d o n i n u q ta v iy z a ry a d la r m a y d o n la ri s u p e r p o z its iy a - 8.2-rasm. s id a n ib o ra t b o 'la d i, (8 .2 ) te n g lik n in g c h a p ta ra fid a t o ‘liq m a y d o n n i y o z sa k , o ‘ng ta ra fig a t o ‘liq z a ry a d n i y o z ish k e ra k . S h u n d a y q ilib (8 .2 ) te n g lik ix tiy o riy z a ry a d la r siste m asi va ix tiy o riy s irtla r u c h u n o 'r in li e k a n . (8 .2 ) te n g lik G a u s s te o re m a s i d e b a ta la d i. G a u ss te o re m a s ig a k o 'r a , in d u k s iy a c h iz iq la ri m u s b a t z a ry a d - la rd a b o s h la n a d i, m a n fiy z a ry a d la rd a tu g ay d i. Z a ry a d la r y o ‘q b o ‘lsa — in d u k siy a c h iz iq la r i u z lu k siz b o ‘la d i. B u x u lo s a la r m a y d o n k u c h la n g a n lig i u c h u n h a m o ‘rin lid ir. G a u s s n in g m a te m a tik te o re m a s i y o r d a m id a (8 .2 ) d ag i sirt b o 'y ic h a in te g ra ln i s h u sirt ic h id a g i h a jm b o 'y i c h a in te g ra l b ila n a lm a s h tira y lik : b u n d a n : ф D d S = j d ivD dV = J p d V divD = p (8.3) Bu te n g la m a G a u s s te o re m a s in in g d iffe re n sia l k o ‘rin is h i d e b atala d i. U n g a k o ‘ra , birlik h a jm sirtid an c h iq ib k etay o tg an in d u k siy a c h iz iq la rin in g m iq d o ri z a ry a d zich lig ig a teng. K ulon q o n u n id a g i d araja k o ‘r s a tk ic h i m a s a la s i. K u lo n q o n u n ig a k o 'r a m a y d o n in d u k siy asi m a s o fa n in g k v a d ra tig a tesk ari m u ta n o s ib , b u n i te sk a ri k v a d ra tla r q o n u n i d e b h a m a ta la d i. L ek in b u d a ra ja k o ‘rs a tk ic h i a n iq s o n m i, y o k i ik k ig a y a q in s o n d a n ib o ra tm i? G a u ss te o re m a si bu savolga ja v o b b era o la d i. Q n u q ta v iy z a ry a d n i R v a r r a d i u s l i ikki sfe ra b ila n o 'r a y lik . Ikki sfe ra o ra s id a z a ry a d y o ‘q boM gan y o p iq s irt h o s il b o ‘la d i. Ik k i s fe ra n in g s irtla ri ra d iu s la rn in g k v a d ra tla ri k ab i n is b a td a , e le k tr m a y d o n esa - te sk a ri k v a d r a tla r q o n u n ig a b o ‘y s in a d i, s h u n i n g u c h u n b u y o p iq s ir t u c h u n G a u s s te o re m a s i b a ja r ila d i. A g a r te s k a ri k v a d ra tla r q o n u n i b u z ilg a n d a , k ic h ik s f e ra d a n o 't g a n m a y d o n o q im i b ila n k a tta s f e ra d a n o ‘tg a n m a y d o n o q im i te n g boM m ay, G a u s s te o re m a s i b a ja r ilm a y q o la r e d i. G a u s s te o re m a s i te sk a ri k v a d r a tla r q o n u n ig a e k v iv a le n t e k a n . 0 ‘tkazgich hajmining neytralligi. E le k tro s ta tik m a y d o n g a k iri tilg a n o 'tk a z g ic h d a z a ry a d la rn in g h a rak atsizlig i — u la rn in g h a jm id a m a y d o n n o lg a te n g lig id a n d a r a k b e r a d i, b u n i y u q o rid a m u h o k a m a q ilg a n e d ik ( 7 - § ) . 0 ‘s h a y e r d a b u t u n o 'tk a z g ic h e k v ip o te n s ia l boM ishi h a m a y tilg a n e d i. 0 ‘tk a z g ic h d a g i z a r y a d la r u n in g s ir tid a jo y la s h a d i, u la r n in g s irt z ic h lig i с o ‘tk a z g ic h s irtin in g tu rli q is m - la rid a tu rlic h a boMadi. 0 ‘tk a z g ic h h a jm in in g ic h id a , u n i n g s irtig a c h iq m a g a n h o ld a (s irtd a e le k tr m a y d o n b o r) ix tiy o riy y o p iq s irt c h iz a y lik . U n in g ic h id a m a y d o n n o l boM gani u c h u n G a u s s te o re m a sig a k o ‘ra z a ry a d h a m n o lg a te n g , o ‘tk a z g ic h h a jm i n e y tra l boM adi. E le k tr m a y d o n n in g n o lg a te n g lig i v a h a jm n in g n e y tra llig i o ‘tk a z g ic h s irtig a q a d a r d a v o m e ta d i. 0 ‘tk a z g ic h ic h id a b ir o n k a v a k boM sa, u n in g a tro fi n ey tra l va e k v ip o te n sia l o 'tk a z g ic h b ila n o 'r a lg a n boMadi. D e m a k , o ‘tk a z g ic h h a jm id a g i te s h ik d a h a m m a y d o n n o lg a te n g , h a jm e k v ip o te n sia l boM adi. O 't k a z g i c h l a r n i n g b u n d a y x o s s a s i q u y id a g i ta jr ib a d a te k s h ir ila d i. M e ta lld a n y a s a lg a n sfe rik , yoki b o s h q a sh a k ld a g i id ish o lin a d i, u n in g n is b a ta n k ic h ik te sh ig i boM sin (8 .3 -ra s m ) . D ie le k tr ik d astag i o ‘r n a tilg a n z a ry a d la n g a n s h a r c h a n i te s h ik o rq a li id is h n in g ic h k i sirtig a te k k iz a m iz . Z a r y a d id ish g a o ‘tib , u n in g tash q i sirtiga jo y la s h a d i. Id is h n in g ichk i s irtid a , ju m la d a n k iritilg a n s h a r c h a d a z a ry a d q o l- m ay d i. C h iq a rilg a n sh a rc h a n i e lek tro sk o p y o rd a m id a te k s h irib , u n i toMiq z a ry a d s iz la n g a n ig a is h o n c h h o sil q ilis h m u m k in . B u ta jrib a n i k o ‘p m a r ta ta k ro r - la b , id is h s irtig a k a tta z a ry a d y ig ‘ish m u m k in . 8.3-rasm. V a n - d e - G r a a f e le k tr o s ta tik m a - s h in a si ( 8 .4 -ra s m ) d is k la rd a a y la n a - d ig a n d ie le k trik ta s m a g a ega. Y u q o ri d ag i d isk d ie le k trik d a n y a s a lg a n boM s a , q u y id a g i d isk m e ta lld a n y asa lib , y erga u la n g a n boMadi. D ielek trik ta s m a y u q o ri ta ra fd a m e ta ll s fe ra n in g ic h ig a k irib tu ra d i va s h y o tk a v o s ita s id a s ir t n in g ic h k i s irti b i l a n u la n g a n . B ir p . n e c h a k ilo v o lt k u c h la n is h b e r a d ig a n 8.4-rasm. , , , e le k tr o s ta ta tik m a s h in a n m g m u s b a t e le k tro d i q u y id a g i s h y o tk a v o s ita s id a d ie le k tr ik ta s m a n in g s irtin i m u s b a t z a ry a d la b tu ra d i. E le k tro s ta tik m a s h in a n in g m a n fiy q u tb i p a s td a g i m e ta ll d is k k a v a y e rg a u la n a d i. T a s m a n in g h a r a k a tid a m u s b a t z a ry a d la r ta s m a b ila n s fe ra n in g ic h ig a k o ‘ta rilib , s h y o tk a o rq a li s fe ra n in g ta s h q i s irtig a c h iq ib k e ta d i, ta s m a p a s t g a toM iq z a ry a d siz la n g a n h o ld a q ay tib tu sh a d i. sfe ran in g sirtid a esa z a ry a d la r yigM lib, u n in g p o te n s ia li k a tta q iy m a tla rg a c h a o rtib b o ra d i. S fe ra n in g s irtid a g i p o te n s ia l n u q ta v iy z a ry a d n in g s h u n d a y r a d iu s d a g i p o te n s ia li k a b i s ir td a g i e le k tr m a y d o n k u c h la n g a n lig i e sa E = k q / R 2 boM adi. Z a r y a d m iq d o ri o rtib b o r- g a n d a m a y d o n k u c h la n g a n lig i h a v o n i io n iz a ts iy a k u c h la n g a n lig i E ion = k q / R 2 ga yetib, z a ry a d la n g a n sfera sirtid ag i z a ry a d la r h av o n i io n la b , toj razry ad i tufayli y ern in g sirtig a o ‘tib k eta b o shlayd i. Q u ru q h a v o u c h u n io n iz a ts iy a k u c h la n g a n lig i E jon = 30k V / sm = 3 M V / m ga yetadi. B u n d a m ak sim al p o ten sial y uqoridagi fo rm u lala rg a b in o a n q>ion = REion boM ib, k a tta sferali ta jrib a la r d a 7Л /У k u c h la n is h h a m h o s il q ilin g a n . V a n - d e - G r a a f e le k tr o s ta tik m a s h in a s i d a s tla b z a ry a d li e le m e n t a r z a r r a la m i te z la tis h u c h u n qoM lanilgan . T e z la tg ic h la rn in g e ffe k tiv tu r la r i p a y d o boM ishi b ila n V a n - d e - G r a a f m a s h in a s i y a s h in va u c h q u n la r n i o ‘rg a n is h d a k e n g q o ‘lla n ilg a n . K u lo n z a ry a d la rn in g t a ’sirla sh u v i h a q id a g i f u n d a m e n ta l ish in i 1 7 8 5 -y ild a n a s h r e tg a n . L e k in b u n d a n avval, X V I II a s m in g 70 - y illa rid a K a v en d ish b u n d a y tajrib a q o ‘y g an . M e ta lld a n ik k ita y u p q a sfe ra y a s a lg a n , u la r d a n ta s h q is i, k a tta ra d iu s lis i ikk i q i s m d a n ib o ra t b o ‘lgan. T a s h q i sfe ra av v al z a ry a d la n m a g a n boM gan. U n in g ich ig a z a ry a d la n g a n ik k in c h i sfe ra k iritilg an . T ash q i sfe rad ag i k ic h ik te sh ik o rq ali sfe ra la r b ir-b iri b ila n v a q tin c h a b irla s h tirilg a n . s o ‘n g ra ta s h q i sfe ra ik k ig a a jr a tilib , ic h k i s fe ra ta s h q a r ig a o lin g a n . U n i e le k tr o s k o p g a u la b , u n d a z a r y a d l a r y o ‘q lig ig a i s h o n c h h o s il q ilin g a n . T a jrib a a s o s id a K a v e n d is h z a ry a d la r o ra s id a t a ’s irla s h u v te s k a ri k v a d r a tla r q o n u n ig a b o ‘y s u n a d i d e g a n x u lo s a c h i q a r g a n . K a v e n d ish b u iz la n is h la ri n a tija la rin i n a s h r e tm a g a n . K e y in - c h a lik , u n in g h u jja tla ri b ila n ta n is h g a n M a k sv e ll u la r n i 1879- y ild a n a s h r e tg a n ( « H u r m a tli G e n ri K a v e n d is h n in g e le k tr s o h a s i- dagi izlan ish lari» ), le k in b u d a v rg a kelib u la r fa q a t ta rix iy a h a m iy a t g a eg a boM gan. F a n n in g riv o jla n is h i e s a K u lo n iz la n is h la r ig a a so s la n g a n . 0 ‘tk a z g ic h s irtid a g i m a y d o n 10 -§ d a k o ‘rib c h iq ila d i. B u m a y d o n n in g sirtg a tik lig i v a m iq d o r a n D = a te n g lig i k o ‘rs a tila d i. T ek is z a ry a d la n g a n s fe ra n in g elek tr m a y d o n i. S fe ra n in g ra d iu si R , z a ry a d i Q boM sin. S fera te k is z a ry a d la n is h i u c h u n u o ‘tk a z g ic h - d a n y a sa lish i va tu rli jis m la r d a n u z o q la s h g a n boM ishi k e ra k . S fera tek is z a ry a d la n g a n i u c h u n u n in g m a y d o n i h a m sferik sim m e triy a g a ega boMadi: k u c h ch iziq lari ra d ia l y o 'n a lis h d a hoMadi va te n g rad iusli n u q ta la rd a m a y d o n in d u k siy a si te n g boMadi. S h u n d a y q ilib m a s a la s h a r tid a n m a y d o n h a q id a k a tta m a ’lu m o tg a eg a boM dik, fa q a t in d u k s iy a n in g ra d iu s g a q a n d a y bogM iqligini to p is h q o ld i. G a u s s te o re m a sin i radiusi r < R sferaga qoMlaylik. S feran in g ixtiyo riy k ichik y u z a si u c h u n d S h a m r a d iu s b o 'y la b jo y la s h g a n bo M adi, s h u n in g u c h u n : j D d S = D j ) d S = 4 n r 2D = 0. ( 8 .5 ) s s B u n d a n z a r y a d la n g a n s f e r a n in g ic h k i h a j m i d a D = 0 , E = 0 e k a n lig in i to p a m iz . Ilg a ri b u n a tija n i b o s h q a u s u ld a h a m to p g a n edik. Z a r y a d la n g a n s f e ra d a n ta s h q a r id a g i ( r > R ) n u q t a l a r u c h u n (8 .5 ) te n g lik n in g o ‘ng ta ra fig a sfe ra z a ry a d in i q o ‘y a m iz : S h u n d a y q ilib s fe ra n in g ta s h q i m a y d o n i n u q ta v iy z a ry a d m a y d o n i k ab i b o ‘la r e k a n . J u m la d a n sfe ra sirtid a g i n u q ta la r u c h u n : D = Q / 4 tt R 2 = e le k tr in d u k siy a z a ry a d la r n in g s irt z ic h lig ig a te n g e k a n . B u n d a n ta la b a la r b a ’z a n « In d u k s iy a b u z a ry a d zich lig i» d e g a n n o t o ‘g ‘ri x u lo s a c h iq a r is h a d i. B u n d a g i x a to s h u n d a k i, in d u k siy a b e p o y o n fa z o b o ‘y la b y o y ilib k e tg a n m a y d o n d ir , s fe ra d a n u z o q la s h g a n sari u n in g q iy m ati k a m a y ib b o ra d i, z a ry a d la r esa sfe rad a jo y la sh g a n za rra la rd ir. D = a te n g lik fa q a t sfe ra sirtid a o ‘rinli b o ‘lib, te n g lik d a tu rli fizik m iq d o rla r ish tiro k e ta d i, u la rn in g ten g lik b ila n b o g ‘lan g an i fiz ik q o n u n n i ta sh k il e ta d i. S fe ra n in g tash q i p o te n sia li n u q tav iy zary ad n ik i kabi k Q /r , ju m la d a n z a ry a d la n g a n s fe ra n in g p o te n s ia li q u y id a g ic h a boM adi: k Q / R . (8.8) t tD S f e r a n in g b u t u n s ir ti v a ic h k i h a jm id a p o te n s ia l b ir xil b o ‘la d i. T ek is zaryadlangan silin d r m a y d oni. S ilin d r d ie le k trik d a n y a s a lg a n boMsa, u n in g tek is z a ry a d la n ish i qiyin, z a ry a d la r qaysi jo y d a b o r b o ‘lsa, o ‘s h a ‘tk a z g ic h d a n ib o ra t b o ‘lsa, s ilin d rg a b e rilg a n z a ry a d s ilin d r n in g b u tu n s irti b o ‘y lab ta q s im la n a d i, ic h k i m a y d o n n o l boM adi. S ilin d r b o s h q a jis m la r d a n u z o q d a b o M g and a u n in g u c h la r id a n (a s o s la rid a n ) u z o q ro q d a g i n u q ta la r d a z a ry a d la r s i l in d r s irti b o 'y la b te k is t a q s i m l a n a d i , m a y d o n in d u k s iy a s i ra d iu sla r b o ‘ylab y o 'n a lg a n va q iy m ati fa q at ra d iu sg a bogMiq boMadi. S ilin d r ra d iu si R , z a ry a d la r s irt z ic h lig i a boM sin. S ilin d rn in g ra d iu si r(r> R ) boM gan ta s h q i s ilin d r ik s irt b ila n o ‘ra y lik , u n in g u z u n lig i z a ry a d la n g a n s ilin d r u z u n lig id a n b ir n e c h a m a rta k ic h ik boM sin ( 8 .5 -ra s m ) . B u ta s h q i s irtg a G a u s s te o re m a s in i q o ‘lla sa k , s ilin d r a s o s la rid a D d S = 0 boM adi, y o n s irtid a esa: 2 TtrLD = 2 k R L cj , D(r) = o R / r , E ( r ) = a R / s s ^ r (8 .9 ) ~T J 8.5-rasm. jo y d a tu ra v e ra d i. S ilin d r о B u m is o ld a h a m s ilin d r s irtid a (r = R) D = a e k a n lig in i k o ‘ra m iz . S ilin d rn in g b irlik u z u n lig id a X = 2 n R a z a ry a d borligini h iso b g a olsak, D(r) = X / 2 n r , E ( r ) = Х / 2 к с Е йг. (8.10) B u fo r m u la la r te k is z a ry a d la n g a n u z u n s im la r n in g m a y d o n in i h is o b la s h u c h u n q u la y . T o p ilg a n m a y d o n p o te n sia lin i h iso b lay lik . E dr = (cr R / ££(,r) d r = (сгЛ / EEQ) d\ nr = -d j R / e £0) In r (8.11) Ap = (o -/?/££0) l n ( / j / r 2). (8.12) S a v o l va m a s a la la r 8.1. M aydo n induksiyasi va m aydon kuchlanganligi u c h u n G auss teorem asini yozing. 8.2. G auss teorem asining fizik m a’nosini tushuntiring. 8.3. Z ary ad lar m aydonning m anbasi ekanligini G auss teorem asi yordam ida tushuntiring. 8.4. G auss teorem asining differensial k o ‘rinishini yozing. 8.5. 0 ‘tkazgich hajm ida elektr m aydon kuchlanganligi, po tensial, zaryad zichligi qanday? 8.6. Z ary ad lar o 'tkazgichning sirtida joylashishini q an d ay tajribada k o'rsatish m um kin? 8.7. Tekis zaryadlangan sferaning ichki va tashqi m aydoni qanday? 8.8. Tekis zaryadlangan silindrning ichki va tashqi m aydoni qanday? 8.9. Tekis zaryadlangan tekislikning ichki va tashqi m aydoni qanday? 8.10. divr va d iv{? / r 3} ni hisoblang. 8.11. Klassik fizikada gravitatsion m aydon q o n u n lari elektorstatika qonunlariga o'xshaydi. B uning sababi — K ulon q on un i va b u tu n dunyo tortilish qonunlarin in g o'xshashligida. G ravitatsion m aydonda F = mg , g — erkin tushish tezlanishidir. G ravitatsion m aydon u ch u n G auss teorem asi quyidagicha ifodalanadi: ф g d S = -4л- G M , Bu yerda M — yopiq Download 48 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: 
|