Стилистика тилшуносликнинг ажралмас қисми бўлиб, у бадиий нутқнинг ифодаланиш услублари, уларнинг таъсирчанлиги ва умуман инсон нутқини ўрганадиган фандир

COLLOQUIAL LAYER OF THE VOCABULARY
Common colloquial words. The essential part of these words constitutes common neutral vocabulary which is in everyday usage and is the pan of Standard English. Colloquial words may be divided into several large groups: 1) words which change their phonetic form, 2) words which change their form and meaning, 3) words which change their meaning in certain contexts etc.
Among the first group of the most widely spread are the shortened word-combinations: s'long (so long), s'right (that's right), lemme (let me), gimme (give me), kina (kind of), gonna (going to), im (him), ud (would) 'kew (thank you), wi’ (with), t' (to), dunno (don't know).
Sometimes certain syllables may be omitted: 'cos (because), or the letter "h" is very often omitted: 'ave (have), 'eaven (heaven), 'im (him); some sounds may change: gals (girls), nawh (now), yeh (yes), Que fella (old fellow)..
Here is a sample of a dialogue in which we can see different sons of violation of phonetic rules;
"Yuhgotta wife, hain't you?"
"Yes," replied Cowperwood.
"Well, the rules here are that yer wife or yer friend kin come to see you once in three months and yer lawyer — yuh gotta lawyer, hain't yuh?
"Yes, sir," replied Cowperwood, amused.
"Well, he kin come every week or so if he likes... there hain't no rules about lawyers... the warden'U come and git yuh and give yuh yer regular cell summers downstairs. Yuh kin make up yer mind by that time what /u'd like tun do, what y"u'd like to work at ..."
(Th. Dreiser)
In this extract we see the speech of an uneducated person. Instead of "can" he uses "kin", yuh (you), git (get), yer (your), summers (somewhere), tun (to). We see here also the violation of grammar rules: Yuh goita lawyers (have you got a lawyer), hain't yuhl .(haven't you?), there hain't no rules (there aren't any rules).
While we speak about the peculiarities of oral speech specialattention should be paid to the children's speech in which we have a lot of contracted forms of words: doc telly (television), fridge (refrigerator), tittleuns (little ones), biguns (big ones); words with dimunitive suffixes: beastie (beast), mitkie (milk), pussy (cat), bunny (rabbit), Utter (sister) etc.
In the second group we have such words as crammer (from the cram, fill the head with facts for an examination), oldie (the old song), tenner (ten-pound note), or the coinage of new meanings in the following word-combinations: back number (out-of-date or old fashioned method, thing, person), strap-hanger (standing passenger in a bus, train etc), get the axe {be dismissed from one's job), colt (young men with little experience), to ache (to have a longing, He ached to be free).
In the second group we have also new words (neologisms) formed with the help of various affixes. For example, nouns formed with the help of suffixes which have negative meaning. For example: gawky, awkward or bashful person; cully, a person who is easily cheated or deceived; hussy, an ill mannered girl, a worthless woman; noddy, a stupid person; spoony, a silly, foolish, unduly, sentimental; quickie, a cheap film made or used to fill up a programme; starveling, one who is very thin; wordling, a person who talks much; footing, a silly man, monster, a person who is remarkable for some bad or evil quality; huckster, a person who profits by hawking goods; medicaster, a layman who heals or treats people medicinally; poetaster, an inferior poet; giglet, a girl who laughs in a silly manner; princelet, a petty prince. Nouns formed with the help of suffixes which have positive meaning: dolly, an attractive, fashionably dressed girl or young woman; puppy, a conceited young man; nestling, a bird too young to leave the nest.
'The following words constitute the third group of colloquial vocabulary:
I like his get up — I like his way and manner.
Let me know how you come out — let me know the results.
He was getting along in years — he was growing old.
The same changes in the usage we can see in the following examples: *It really gets me when he gigles like that.
Please, get some sleep tonight.
The bullet got him in the belly.
Here the verbs "get", "come", are not used in their dictionary meanings, but have changed the meanings and acquired new (contextual) meanings.