Теория и практика материалы III международной научной конференция 5
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Polilog 2020
Jörg Jewanski (Austria, Germany)
NORMAN MCLAREN’S EXPERIMENTAL FILM SPHERES (1969): HOW A FILM DIRECTOR USES (AND MODIFIES) MUSIC BY JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH TO CREATE A SYNTHESIS OF ARTS In 1969, the Canadian experimental film director Norman McLaren created the 6-minute film Spheres, which became one of his most famous ones. For this film, McLaren used three pieces from Jo- hann Sebastian Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier, two fugues and one prelude, in a recording by the Canadian pianist Glenn Gould. In my ar- ticle, I will explain how the film director used and modified the music to create a synthesis of arts. Norman McLaren, born 1914 in Scotland, moved to Canada in 1941, where he died in 1987. He is one of the most influential abstract film makers of all time. McLaren created more than 60 short films and used music from different genres: folk music, jazz, electronic music, even Indian music and some films with classical music. In this article, I concentrate on Spheres. For the genesis of his film, McLaren wrote: “It was at this same time [1968] that I had recently purchased a recording 92 of J.S. Bach’s 96 Preludes and Fugues, as played by pianist Glenn Gould. One day while listening to them, it suddenly occurred to me that the constant, steady and flowing motion of some of the slower fugues and faster preludes might be just the right kind of accompaniment for the ‘spheres’. [...] After considerable searching, I fortunately found that Fugue 22, Prelude 20 and Fugue 14, apart from being right in tempo and mood, were also of the same duration as the three visual parts of the film; in only one case did a repeated musical phrase have to be omit- ted.” In the interpretation of Glenn Gould, published on a LP, the fugue No. 22 needs c. 5 min., inside the film it is only 1’30. Something with “in only one case a repeated musical phrase have to be omitted” cannot be right. The fugue has 75 bars, but McLaren used only a little less than 21 bars, which is only 28%, thus a little more than a quarter of the whole composition. This fugue has five voices; most out of Bach’s music collection have only three or four. At the beginning, all five voic- es are introduced one after the other. But McLaren interrupted the mu- sic before the fifth entry can be heard and, in doing so, he prevented the five-parted fugue to be heard as a five-parted fugue. Afterwards, he took off the second and the third part of the fugue. From the fourth part, he only used the end. Here we have the compositional climax of the composition: all five voices follow directly in succession and overlay each other in an artistic formed stretto. But McLaren set a cut in the middle of the fourth voice and broke into the compositional climax of the fugue. This cut also is to be heard on the soundtrack of the film: In the first part of the fugue, Glenn Gould is preparing the cue for the fifth voice, which he is intending to play clear and loud, when he is cut off by McLaren. In the last part, he is preparing the ending of the fugue and has started to play a bit quieter. Therefore, the volumes of the two con- nected parts do not fit to each other. In the second part of the film, a prelude by Bach can be heard, in which McLaren repeats parts of the composition; in the third part, an- other fugue appears, which also is shortened, but not in such a drastic way as the first one. 93 My analysis has shown that, at first, the film was finalized, and trimmed music was put in it afterwards. Adapting the music to the structure of the film, McLaren sacrificed the compositional structure of Bach’s music for an only atmospheric musical support of the film. A listener of his film probably will not recognize the demolition of the compositional structure and will regard the film as a synthesis of arts. Bach himself probably would not have been amused. The research leading to these results has received funding for JJ from the Fonds zur Förderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung of Austria (FWF), Lise Meitner Programme (M 2440-G28). Download 1.82 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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