Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
Invariance of text type in translation
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
12.7.1 Invariance of text type in translation
From the function of the source text and its status in the source culture, we can infer the functional value of individual text components. The translation strategies applied to individual text elements will differ depending on the text type to which a particular source text is assigned because the target text is supposed to represent the same text type as the source text, at least where the aim of the translation process is an invariance of function. Let us take the wellknown dictum attributed to the French king Francis I as an example: (7) Souvent femme varie, bien fol est qui s’y fie. If this sentence is mentioned, for example, in a history book (informative text), the content may be rendered as follows: (7a) Frauen sind wankelmütig. Ein Narr ist, wer ihnen traut. Woman is fickle; he who trusts her, a fool. The same utterance is used in Victor Hugo’s drama Le roi s’amuse (The King Amuses Himself), an expressive text of the multimedial type. 88 A German A German translation reads: (7b) Ein Weib ändert sich jeden Tag, ein Narr ist, wer ihr trauen mag. An English translation into blank verse, probably by Frederick L. Slous, reads: Changeful women, constant never, He’s a fool who trusts her ever. 89 Translating a text of the expressive type, the translator often has to make some alterations of the source text (e.g. translating souvent, ‘often’, by jeden Tag, ‘every day’, and adding mag, ‘may’, in the German translation; or translating 88 The original attributes the quote to Victor Hugo’s drama Marie Tudor, translated into Ger man by Georg Büchner in 1835. A search in Hugo’s original works revealed that it is from Le roi s’amuse, which served as a model for Verdi’s opera Rigoletto. (Translator’s note) 89 Victor Hugo: Three Plays: Hernani, The king amuses himself, Ruy Blas. Washington Square Press 1964. Katharina Reiß and Hans J. Vermeer 189 souvent by never and adding ever in the English translation), which can be explained and justified precisely by the text type. The first line of this verse was used in a text promoting a French wine: (8) Souvent femme varie. Les vins du Postillon ne varient jamais. (Literally: A woman often changes. Postillon wines never change.) In German, neither (7a) nor (7b) would meet the requirements of the text type. In this (operative) text, the quote serves as a literary allusion (wellknown in France) intended to confer prestige on the promoted product. It is a catchy slogan, appealing to the connoisseur of (French) history, literature and good wine. As the German reader can hardly have the same background knowledge, a literal translation of the content would not achieve this function because it lacks the appellative or persuasive effect. (8a) Frauenherzen sind trügerisch. PostillonWeine betrügen dich nie. (Literally: Women’s hearts are deceptive. Postillon wines will never deceive you.) The historical and literary allusion is replaced by an allusion to a wellknown line in the German libretto of Verdi’s opera Rigoletto. 90 By directly addressing the reader (dich, ‘you’) and punning on the words trügerisch (‘deceptive’) and betrügen (‘to deceive’), the somewhat frivolous allusion of the first part leads to the promise of reliability in the second part , which is strengthened by the antithetical construction of the slogan. Thus, the association of reliability can be transferred to the product, unfolding its full persuasive potential. In order to achieve equivalence (which, of course, is only aimed at in communicative translations, 10.5.2., where the skopos requires that the target text achieve the same function as the source text), it is, therefore, not sufficient to identify the genre because the decisive clue is often provided by the text type. Thus, the translation strategies described here apply not only to individual genres but also to more comprehensive classes of texts, independent of the genre they represent. Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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