Towards a General Theory of Translational Action : Skopos Theory Explained
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Towards a General Theory of Translational Action Skopos Theory Explained by Katharina Reiss, Hans J Vermeer (z-lib.org) (2)
10.6 Equivalence vs. adequacy
To sum up, we can say so far that, when describing translations (including in the related fields of translation criticism and translator training), we have to make a clear distinction between the concepts of adequacy and equivalence. With regard to the translation of a source text (or any of its elements), adequacy shall refer to the relationship between a source text and a target text, where consistent attention is paid to the purpose (skopos) of the translation process. A translation is adequate if the choice made of targetlanguage signs is con sistently in line with the requirements of the translation purpose. Therefore, we can do without the rather artificial distinction Königs (1979: 5�) makes between “linguistic equivalence” (which is independent of the translator’s Equivalence and adequacy 128 level of competence) and “didactic equivalence” (which takes the not yet fully developed competence of language learners into account). What Königs is referring to when he uses the term “didactic equivalence” (i.e. “systematically correct linguistic output with due consideration of the stage of language acqui sition” 60 ) can only be ‘adequacy’ with regard to the aim of monitoring learning outcomes. Therefore, the terms adequate and adequacy should only be used to refer to a process. If the aim of the translation process is to produce a target text that is equivalent to the source text, the choice of linguistic signs will also be classified as ‘adequate’. It is only the result, not the process of choosing signs (during translation), which can be called ‘equivalent’ in this case. On the other hand, equivalence refers to the relationship between two fac tors which have the same value or rank in their respective systems and belong to the same category. This leads us to propose the following definition: Equivalence is the relationship between a target text and a source text which (can) achieve the same communicative function at the same level in the two cultures involved. We cannot ‘translate equivalently’. Rather, a target text can be considered equivalent (or, as we usually say, is equivalent) to a source text. In this sense, equivalence and equivalent are productoriented or resultoriented concepts. In our definition, equivalence is a particular kind of adequacy, i.e. adequacy under the condition that the skopos requires that the source and target texts achieve the same function. Download 1.78 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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