Country Background Report – Denmark
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10932 OECD Country Background Report Denmark
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- Resource management 24
- Total number of studies 87
Resource utilisation
32 RU1_Allocation of teacher resources to students 18 RU2_Matching resources to individual students’ learning needs 10 RU3_Organisation of teaching and learning environment 2 RU4_Organisation of student learning time 2 RU5_Use of school facilities and materials, e.g. ICT 3 Resource management 24 RM1_Monitoring resource use (audit system etc.) 9 RM2_Outcome-based planning, rewards, sanctions and other incentives 12 RM3_Capacity building for resource management 7 RM4_Transparency and reporting on outputs and costs 8 Total number of studies 87 These themes and studies constitute the structure and knowledge base of Chapters 3-6 in this report on governance, distribution, utilisation and management of resources. Seminar with relevant stakeholders On March 23 rd 2015 a seminar was held with relevant stakeholders in order to discuss the CBR. The participating stakeholders were The Teachers’ Union, The School Lead- er’s Union, Local Government Denmark (LGDK), The association of directors of edu- cation (Børne- og Kulturchefforeningen – BKF), The Ministry of Finance, the parental organisation School and Parents and The Association of Danish Pupils. The Ministry of Education hosted the seminar. KORA presented the findings of the CBR. The stake- holders had received the CBR beforehand and commented on it in the seminar. KORA has since incorporated these comments into the CBR. 22 1.3 Contextual background of the review Denmark is among the most fiscally decentralized countries in the OECD (Thiessen 2003), with the municipal sector accounting for almost half of the consumption ex- penditures of the Danish public sector (Blom ‐Hansen, Houlberg & Serritzlew 2014). According to the Danish Constitution, “the right of municipalities to manage their own affairs independently, under State supervision, are set by statute” (The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Interior 2014b). The Constitution also prescribes that some of the public tasks should be allocated to the local governments and that the Danish Parliament, the Folketing, decides how much should be allocated. It is also prescribed that the municipalities are subject to state supervision. Within the framework of the national legislation (The Folkeskole Act) that provides a common aim for all schools, standard requirements concerning the subjects and standard regulations concerning common objectives for the teaching in each subject, the Folkeskole is the responsibil- ity of the municipalities. A more detailed description of the school system is provided in Chapter 2. However, in order to facilitate a better understanding of the contextual background of the current Danish school system, a brief overview of some of the most important contextual factors is given below. • The Structural reform in 2007, involving amalgamations at the municipal and re- gional level, along with shifts in task between the tiers • The financial crisis in 2008 and national budgetary sanctions from 2011 • Structural changes in the number and size of schools from 2009/10 • A reform of the Folkeskole in 2014. The Structural reform in 2007 The Structural Reform implemented on January 1 st 2007 amalgamated 271 municipali- ties into 98 municipalities. As a result, the average size of the municipalities and the economic capacities increased (Blom ‐Hansen, Houlberg & Serritzlew 2014). More specifically, 239 former municipalities were amalgamated into 66 new municipalities. 32 municipalities remained unchanged. The average size of the municipalities in- creased from 20,000 to 55,000 inhabitants. A core aim of the amalgamation reform was to improve economic and professional sustainability of the municipalities and to provide a structural basis for a more effective use of public sector resources. Larger municipalities were expected by the decision makers to increase the political capacity for decision making in order to change, for instance, the school structure towards few- er, larger and more economically advantageous schools. A recent study shows that the municipal amalgamations created economies of scale for administrative costs, seen in a reduction of administrative costs by 10 per cent in the amalgamated municipalities relative to the non-amalgamated municipalities (Blom ‐ 23 Hansen, Houlberg & Serritzlew 2014). Another element of the Structural Reform was a reshuffling of tasks between the municipal, regional and national tiers of government, involving, for instance, a transfer of responsibilities in a number of service areas from the regional to the municipal level. The general distribution of tasks between the national level, municipalities and regions after the 2007 reform is outlined below (The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Interior 2014b). Download 1.6 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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