Ingliz tili grammatikasi

All day – kun bo’yi; all day tomorrow – ertaga kun bo’yi; all the time – butun vaqt; the whole evening – butun oqshom; from five till eight – soat 5 dan 8 gacha kabi ko’rsatkichlar bilan Future Simple ham Future Continuous ham ishlatilishi mumkin. Future Continuus ishlatilsa ish-harakatning bajarilish jarayoni tushuniladi. Future Simple ishlatilganda esa ish-harakatning bajarilish dalili (bajariladimi yo’qmi) tushuniladi

M: I shall be reading all day tomorrow
I shall read all day tomorrow


PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
(Hozirgi tugallangan zamon)
YASALISHI:


+ S + have/has + V₃


- S + have/has + not + V₃


? Have/has + S + V₃?

M: I worked He has done We have finished

QO’LLANILISHI:

1. 
   Hozirdan oldin tugagan, natijasi ko’z oldimizda bo’lgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Ish-harakat ancha oldin tugagan bo’lishi mumkin, bunda asosiy e’tibor vaqtga emas, natijaga qaratiladi.
   

M: I have broken my pencil
Has your sister come?

2. 
   Present Perfect – bir necha marta takrorlangan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.
   

M: I have read that book twice
I have seen that film 3 times

3. 
   Present Perfect ko’pincha quyidagi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi.
   

Ever; never; already; often; yet; lately, recently; just; hardly; barely; by + payt; by that time; for ages; for a long time…
M: He hasn’t finished his work yet
I have already read this book
I haven’t got any letters from him lately
! – Just now – hozirgina ravishi Past Simpleda ishlatiladi
M: I saw him just now

4. 
   Hali tugamagan vaqt ko’rsatkichlari – today; this week; this month bilan Present Continuousda ishlatiladi.
   

M: Have you read the newspaper today?
I haven’t got any letters from Nafisa this week

! – Today; this week; this month kabi hali tugamagan vaqt ko’rsatkichlari mavjud bo’lgan gaplardan bugunning, shu haftaning, shu oyning ma’lum bir bo’lagi ko’zda tutilganda Past Simple ishlatiladi.

M: I got up early today

5. 
   Present Perfect since, for predloglari bilan ishlatiladi, bunda