Ingliz tili grammatikasi

A + undosh tovush bilan boshlanadigan birlikdagi ot
M: a dog, a cat, a book, a boy


An + unli tovush bilan boshlanadigan birlikdagi ot
M: an apple, an egg, an onion, an iron

H – harfi birlikdagi otning boshida kelib talaffuzda ishtirok etsa “A” artikli, agar so’z boshida kelgan “h” harfi talaffuzda talaffuzda yo’qolsa “An” artikli ishlatiladi.

M: a house, a horse, an hour, an honest boy

U – harfi birlik ot boshida kelib unli tovush ifodalasa “An” artikli, talaffuzda undosh “Y” bilan boshlansa “A” artikli ishlatiladi.

M: an uncle, an umbrella, a university, a unit

Birlikdagi sanaladigan otlar sifatlovchi aniqlovchi bilan kelsa artikl otga tegishli bo’ladi, ammo sifatning birinchi tovushiga qarab ishlatiladi.

M: a book – an interesting book
an apple – a green apple

Sanaladigan birlikdagi ot qisqartma ot bo’lsa 1-harfning alfavitdagi nomiga qarab a/an ishlatiladi

M: an X [iks], a Y [vay], an MP3 [empi], a VIP [vi ai pi]

Sanaladigan otlarning ikkinchi xususiyati ularda ko’plik shaklining mavjudligidir. Ikki yoki undan ortiq miqdordagi ot ko’plik ot sanaladi. O’zbek tilida ko’plik shakli –lar qo’shimchasi orqali hosil qilinadi. Ingliz tilida esa ko’plik shaklni hosil qilish uchun birlik ot o’zagiga –s qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi

M: book – books, apple – apples
Agar birlik ot oxiri –s, -ss, -ch, -sh, -x harflari bilan tugasa ko’plik hosil qilish uchun –es qo’shiladi.
M: a bus – buses, an address – addresses, a watch – watches, a dish –dishes, a fox – foxes

Birlik ot oxiri “O” harfi bilan tugasa ko’plikda –es oladi

M: a hero – heroes, a cargo – cargoes, a tomato – tomatoes

Ammo: a photo – photos, a piano – pianos

a) Birlik ot oxiri “undosh + y” bo’lsa, “y” harfi “i” harfiga aylanadi va –es oladi

M: a baby – babies, a party – parties

b) Birlik ot oxiri “unli + y” bo’lsa ko’plikda –s oladi

M: a day –days, a toy – toys, a key – keys

Birlik ot oxiri f/fe bilan tugasa ko’plik shaklda “f” harfi “v”ga aylanadi va –es oladi

M: a wolf – wolves, a knife – knives, a wife – wives

Ammo: chief – chiefs, roof – roofs, handkerchief – handkerchiefs, wharf – wharfs, wharves

Ingliz tilida ba’zi otlar ko’plik shaklini hosil qilishda hech qanday qo`shimcha qo’shmasdan o’zakda o’zgarish yo’li bilan hosil qilinadi

a man – men
a woman – women
a child – children
an ox – oxen
a tooth – teeth
a goose – geese
a foot –feet
a mouse - mice
a louse – lice
a datum – data
a person – people (odam - odamlar)
a people – peoples – (xalq - xalqlar)
penny – 1) pennies (tangalar, chaqalar)
2) pence (pul birligi)