Ingliz tili grammatikasi

BUYRUQ GAP

1. So’zlovchi tomonidan tinglovchini biror-bir ish-harakat bajarishga undash, chorlash, majburlash ma’nosini bildiruvchi gap buyruq gap deyiladi. Bunda buyruq 2-shaxsga qaratilgan bo’ladi. Ingliz tilida buyruq gap hosil qilish uchun fe’lning infinitiv shaklini gap boshida qo’yish bilan yasaladi.

M: Speak! Write the new words!

2. Buyruqni kuchaytirish uchun fe’ldan oldin do yordamchi fe’li ishlatiladi.

M: Do speak! Do read the new words!

3. Buyruqni inkor qilish uchun fe’ldan oldin don’t yoki never so’zlari qo’yiladi

M: Don’t go! Never smoke!

4. Buyruq gap ba’zan tilak, istak ma’nosida ham ishlatiladi

M: Be happy! Be healthy! Bless you!

5. Buyruq ma’nosini xushmuomala qilish uchun gap boshi yoki oxirida please so’zi qo’yiladi

M: Please, speak English! Don’t be late, please!


SO’ROQ OLMOSHLAR
1. Bosh kelishikda – who, obyektiv kelishikda – whom olmoshi ishlatiladi.
M: Who is speaking? Whom are you looking at?

2. Who – gapda ega yoki ot-kesim bo’lib keladi.

M: Who is coming? Who is that man?

3. Who – ega bo’lib kelganda fe’l birlikda ishlatiladi.

M: Who is reading? Who is here? Who helped you?

4. Who – ot-kesim bo’lib kelganda fe’l gapning egasi bilan shaxs va sonda moslashadi.

M: Who is that boy? Who are those boys?

5. Whom – istalgan predlog bilan kelishi mumkin.

M: To whom are you showing the picture?

6. Whom – ishlatilgan gapda predlog gap boshida yoki gap oxirida kelishi mumkin. Predlog gap oxirida kelganda whom o’rnida ko’pincha who ishlatiladi.

M: Who did you get the telegram from? = From whom did you get the telegram?

7. Whose – (kimning) – qaratqich aniqlovchi vazifasida kelib, doim o’zi aniqlayotgan so’z bilan birga keladi, va whose so’roq olmoshidan keying ot artikl olmaydi

M: Whose dictionary is this?

8. What – (nima) – gapda ega va to’ldiruvchi vazifasida keladi.

M: What is happening? What are you bringing?

9. What – ega vazifasida kelganda undan keying fe’l birlikda ishlatiladi.

M: What is happening?

10. What – (kim) – odamlarga nisbatan ularning kasbi, mansabi, ijtimoiy kelib chiqishi so’ralganda ishlatiladi.

M: What is he? - He is a doctor.

11. What – (qanday) – aniqlovchi bo’lib keladi, bunda u aniqlayotgan bo’lak bilan birga ishlatilib, ot artikl olmaydi.

M: What books do you read?

12. Which – (qaysi) – tanlashda ishlatiladi

M: Which car do you want to buy?

13. When – (qachon) – ish-harakatning sodir bo’lish paytini bildirib, gapda hol bo’lib keladi.

M: When did you come here?

14. Where – (qayer) – ish-harakatning sodir bo’lish paytini bildirib, gapda hol bo’lib keladi.

M: Where are you going now?