Ingliz tili grammatikasi

OBJECTIVE PRONOUN
(obyektiv olmosh)
Birlik Ko’plik
1-shaxs - Me Us
2-shaxs - You You
3-shaxs - Him, Her, It Them

1. Bu olmoshlar gapda to’ldiruvchi vazifasida kelib, gapda fe’l va predlogdan keyin ishlatiladi.

M: I saw her
We speak about him


POSSESSIVE PRONOUN
(egalik olmoshi)
Birlik Ko’plik
1-shaxs - My Our
2-shaxs - Your Your
3-shaxs - His, Her, Its Their

1. Bu olmoshlar aniqlovchi vazifasida kelib gapda otdan oldin ishlatiladi

M: My mother is a teacher

2. Agar otdan oldin boshqa aniqlovchi bo’lsa egalik olmoshi o’sha aniqlovchidan oldin keladi

M: My red pen is lost
3. Egalik olmoshlari all, both so’zlaridan keyin ishlatiladi.
M: All my friends are happy
Both her sisters are married


ABSOLUTE PRONOUN
(absolyut olmoshlar)
Birlik Ko’plik
1-shaxs - Mine Ours
2-shaxs - Yours Yours
3-shaxs - His, Hers, Its Theirs

1. Bu olmoshlardan keyin hech qachon ot kelmaydi Ular “to be” fe’lidan oldin, “to be” fe’lidan keyin va gap oxirida ot-kesim bo’lib keladi.

M: It is your pen. Mine is red
This is mine
My friend = a friend of mine


BIRGALIK OLMOSHLARI

Birgalik olmoshlari each other, one another – bir-birini, bir-biriga, bir-biridan

M: They looked at each other
They often see one another


REFLEXIVE PRONOUN
(o’zlik olmoshlari)
Birlik Ko’plik
1-shaxs - Myself Ourselves
2-shaxs - Yourself Yourselves
3-shaxs - Himself, Herself, Itself Theirselves

1. Bu olmoshlar ish-harakatning egaga nisbatan bajarilganligini bildiradi. Gapda egadan keyin yoki gap oxirida ishlatiladi.

M: I saw it myself = I myself saw it
She hurt herself


! Help yourself – olib o’tiring (dasturxonda)


KO’RSATISH OLMOSHLARI
Birlik Ko’plik
This – bu These – bular
That - u Those – ular
1. This, These – yaqindagi That, Those – uzoqdagi buyumlarni ko’rsatish uchun ishlatiladi.
M: This pencil is mine, that pencil is yours

2. Ko’rsatish olmoshlari bilan kelgan ot artikl olmaydi

M: He lives in that house

3. Agar ko’rsatish olmoshidan tashqari otning boshqa aniqlovchisi bo’lsa u o’sha aniqlovchidan oldin ishlatiladi.

M: He lives in that white house

4. This, That – olmoshlaidan keyin ko’pincha oldin ishlatilgan otni takrorlamaslik uchun one olmoshi ishlatiladi.

M: Will you give me another book? I don’t like this one.
This book is mine and that one is yours

5. This – hozirgi zamon uchun, That – o’tgan va kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi.

M: I am busy at this time
At that moment the door opened and the man entered the room


THERE IS / THERE ARE
1. Bu oborot – qayerdadir nimanidir borligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Gap tartibi:
THERE IS / THERE ARE + KISHI / NARSA + JOY

M: There are some people in the street

2. Bu oborotda otni birlik yoki ko’plikda ishlatilishini aniqlash uchun mazkur oborotdan keyingi otning birlik yoki ko’plikda ekanligi inobatga olinadi.

M: There is a book, five copy-books and three pens on the table
There are five apples and one tomato on the plate

“TO BE” FE’LI

Birlik Ko’plik
1-shaxs - I- am We- are
2-shaxs - You- are You- are
3-shaxs - He, She, It- is They- are

1. Bo’lishsiz gaplar yasashda to be fe’liga not inkor yuklamasi qo’shiladi

M: I am not a student
They are not teachers
2. So’roq gaplarni yasashda to be fe’li egadan oldinga chiqadi.
M: Are you a student?
Is she a teacher?

3. To be fe’li ba’zan quyidagi qisqartirishlarga uchraydi.

I am = I’m We are = We’re
You are = You’re You are = You’re
He is = He’s They are = They’re
She is = She’s
It is = It’s

I am not = I’m not We are not = We’re not yoki We aren’t

You are not = You’re not yoki You aren’t You are not = You’re not yoki You aren’t
He is not = He’s not yoki He isn’t They are not = They’re not yoki They aren’t
She is not = She’s not yoki She isn’t
It is not = It’s not yoki It isn’t

4.To be fe’li ot-kesimlarning bog’lovchisi bo’lib keladi va –dir, edi, bo’ladi deb tarjima qilinadi. Tarjima o’zbek tilida ko’pincha tushib qoladi.

M: He is an engineer
The story is interesting