Ingliz tili grammatikasi

FISH, FRUIT, SHEEP, DEER otlarining ko’plik shakli:
a) birlik shaklda barcha otlar singari “a” artiklini oladi
M: I have a fish

b) ko’plik holatida bir turdagi baliq, meva, qo’y, kiyik haqida gapirilsa –s olmasdan ko’plik ma’noni beradi, ya’ni bunda so’zning birlik va ko’plik shakli bir xil bo’ladi

M: I have 5 fish
She has 3 sheep

c) ko’plik holatida ko’p turdagi baliq, meva, qo’y, kiyik haqida gapirilsa –s qo’shimchasi qo’shiladi

M: I have 3 fishes (a shark, a whale, a carp)

Agar 2 yoki undan ortiq ot qo’shish orqali hosil qilingan bo’lsa

a) “-” orqali ajratib yozilsa bosh ma’noli so’zga ko’plik qo’shiladi
M: note-book – notebooks
tooth-brush – tooth-brushes
hotel-keeper – hotel-keepers

b) “-” bilan ajratilgan qo’shma ot tarkibida man/woman so’zlari bo’lsa ikkalasi ham ko’plik shaklda ishlatiladi

M: man-servant – men-servants
woman-doctor – women-doctors

c) yasama ot qo’shib yozilsa oxirgi ot ko’plikka o’zgaradi

M: schoolboy – schoolboys
classroom – classrooms
housewife – housewives

Quyidagi otlar doim ko’plik shakl va ma’noda ishlatiladi

scissors, spectacles, trousers, scales, tongs, contents, stairs
OTLARNING QARATQICH KELISHIGI
1. – ‘S – ning
- S’ – larning
M: my brother’s book – ukamning kitobi
my brothers’ book - ukalarimning kitobi
my brother’s books – ukamning kitoblari
my brothers’ books ukalarimning kitoblari

2. Agar otning ko’plikgadi shakli –s qo’shimchasini olmasdan o’zak o’zgarishi yo’li bilan hosil qilingan bo’lsa uning qaratqich kelishigi shakli –‘s qo’shimchasini qo’shish bilan yasaladi.

M: the children’s toys – bolalar o’yinchoqlari
The workmen’s tools – ishchilar ish qurollari

3. Ingliz tilida qaratqich kelishigini ifodalash uchun ko’pincha –‘s o’rnida of predlogi ishlatiladi. Of predlogi ko’pincha jonsiz predmetlarning qarashliligini ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi

M: a paper of the book
tail of the dog

4. –‘s - vaqt, masofa, mamlakat, shahar, kema yoki ba’zi payt ravishlarini ifodalash uchun ham ishlatiladi va tarjimada –ning shaklini yo’qotadi,

M: a month’s holiday – bir oylik ta’til
a kilometer’s distance – bir kilometrlik masofa
today’s newspaper – bugungi gazeta

5. -‘s – ba’zi so’z birikma va iboralarda o’z ma’nosini yo’qotib boshqacha tarjimada ishlatiladi.

M: for order’s sake – tartib uchun
for old acquaintance’s – eski tanishlik haqqi
at a stone’s throw – bir qadam