Ministry of higher education, science and innovation of the republic of uzbekistan national university of uzbekistan

such as, as if, like, seem, etc. Simile seems like a simple figure, a minor variation 
on some other familiar figure. Our purpose in this paper has been to vindicate 
simile as a figure in its own right, and as an object of study distinct both from 
metaphorical expression and literal comparison. Analogical structuring is a 
pervasive feature of human thought, but analogical figures are not always and 
everywhere the same. Unlike metaphor, simile is essentially a figure of speech—in 
fact, an explicit form of comparison; but unlike literal comparison, simile is 
essentially figurative, making unexpected connections between literally unlike 
concepts. These observations are simple, but they have important consequences for 
the forms similes take, the meanings they convey, and ultimately for the rhetorical 
functions they serve. We hope we have provided an adequate glimpse of some of 
these consequences here — enough, in any case, to make simile seem a little less 
simple and a little more alluring. 
Translation of similes has always been considered a difficult task, and 
similes used in the works of W. Shakespeare are all the more difficult. In the 
theory of translation of stylistic means of a language, there is a so-called "law of 
conservation of simile", based on the position of stylistics that the words used in 
tropes must be combined with each other and in their direct meaning.
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Боева Е.Д., Кулькина Е.А. Способы перевода авторской метафоры в художественном тексте. 
[Электронный ресурс] www.gramota.net/ materials/2/2014/4-3/9html

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Considering the fact that Shakespeare's simile is not only an ornamental technique 
that it carries a completely new meaning, then a translator, even the most 
professional one, will inevitably encounter problems. So, for example, the problem 
of cultural specificity almost always leads to semantic insufficiency and even 
deformation of the original text. Another problem arises if the simile is based on 
realities about which the reader has the vaguest idea, such as alchemy, and, 
respectively, metaphors, thematically associated with it.
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Now, let’s consider some examples from the translation process of W. 
Shakespeare’s tragedy called «Hamlet»: