Ministry of higher education, science and innovation of the republic of uzbekistan national university of uzbekistan

CONCLUSION 
This dissertation work is dedicated to identification of specific features of 
the translation of metaphor, synecdoche and simile in poetic texts on the examples 
from Russian into English. The dissertation work includes several theoretical 
provisions on the notion of poetic text, metaphor, synecdoche and simile and the 
usage of them in poetic texts, and identification of their specific features in the 
examples of the prominent poetic texts with clear explanations.
The actuality of this dissertation work is determined by the fact that the 
problems of translation of poetry, the techniques and transformations used in the 
process have always aroused interest in translation studies. A translator who is 
engaged in the translation of fiction sets himself the main goal: to achieve the 
fullest possible transfer of the original content. At the same time, he tries to choose 
the most appropriate transformation so that the reader has the opportunity to enjoy 
the work in the same way as he could have done after reading the original. When 
creating a text, stylistic and expressive means of language are widely used, such as 
antitheses, repetitions, neologisms, inversion and many others. They are important 
both for creating the text itself as a whole and individual image, as they help to 
emotionally color the text and give it a special tone. Among all other stylistic 
techniques, we were interested in metaphor, synecdoche and simile, which will be 
discussed further in this dissertation. The subject of the research is the features of 
the translation of metaphor, synecdoche and simile in poetry from Russian into 
English. The object of the research is metaphor, synecdoche and simile in poetry. 
The main aim of this research is identification of the peculiarities of the translation 
of metaphors, synecdoche and comparisons, translating poetic texts from Russian 
into English. 
In the theory of translation, many linguists, scholars, translators, prominent 
writers and poets dealt with the problems of translating poetic works. The 
theoretical aspects of poetic translation have been considered by many linguists. 
All of them note the special specificity of poetic works, which greatly complicates 
the work of a translator. Dozens of discussions unfold about whether to preserve 

---

90 
the form of the work or convey the music of the verse and the mood of the 
characters. Therefore, relying on the given actuality and facts, the first chapter of 
the dissertation work was devoted to study in a broad way the essence and 
peculiarities of the poetry, we have investigated that the concept of “poetic text” 
combines a fairly wide range of range of literary works: lyrical poems, poems, 
epics, fables, etc. The philological analysis of a poetic text is oriented, as a rule, to 
the consideration of a whole work of a small genre, which is why we will talk 
about one type of poetic text - a lyric poem that most fully embodies all the generic 
features of poetic speech and is the main object of study in the classroom of 
philological analysis. The literary functionality of the poetic language is designed 
to reflect the aesthetically significant, emotionally affecting transformation of 
reality. Additionally, we have discovered that a poetic text obeys all the rules of a 
given language. Summarizing all of the above, we can surely say that the most 
important stylistic features of poetic texts include the use of rhythm, rhyme, 
repetition, tropes and special poetic vocabulary, due to which poetry has a special 
expressiveness, imagery and expressiveness. 
Such scientists as B.V. Tomashevsky, V.M. Zhirmunsky, Yu.N. Tynyanov, 
M.P. Shtokmar, L.I. Timofeev, S.M. Bondi, G. Shengeli have greatly contributed 
to the field of fiction and poetry research. Ya. Mukarzhovsky distinguished two 
linguistic sides of poetic language: sound and semantic, considering them from the 
point of view of the structure of the linguistic sign and the participation of 
individual elements in the construction of a poetic work. V. A. Maslova suggested 
several fundamental statements that should be taken into consideration when 
analyzing a poetic work. Grice in his works "Logic and Conversation" (1975) and 
"Further Notes on Logic and Conversation (1978) represented maxims are aimed at 
achieving maximum communication efficiency and any deviation from them is 
perceived as the presence of various kinds of implicatures. O.K. Latyshev defines 
lexical transformations as "deviations from dictionary correspondences." 
Translators like G.Pliev, Christopher Barnes, Lydia Pasternak-Slater, Anthony 
Kline and G.R. Ledger made us clear what the peculiarities metaphors, simile and 

---

91 
synecdoche can have while poetry translation from L1 into L2. With the help of 
their works, we were able to achieve our research aim and tasks that have been set 
at the beginning of the work.
Furthermore, within the research, it has been found that the main types of 
lexical transformations used in the process of translation involving various FL and 
TL include the following translation techniques are translation transcription and 
transliteration, tracing and lexical-semantic substitutions (concretization, 
generalization, modulation). Additionally, we have investigated the main four 
different methods to translate one poetic text. It depends on how much true 
information the interpreter wants to get from the origin into another language, also 
it depends on communicative function which the interpreter chooses for his art-
work. This provision can facilitate the process of poetry translation as it contains 
specific approaches according to the type of the text that is being translated. 
It is obvious that with the help of research methods we were able to reach 
the tasks and purpose of the dissertation work by discussing and analyzing the 
usage of the metaphor, synecdoche and simile in the poetic texts in both English 
and Russian languages and identifies the specific features of translation of 
metaphor, synecdoche and simile in the poetic texts from English into Russian. For 
clear analysis we have selected several poetic texts of both Russian and English 
poets such as "Winter Night" («Зимняя ночь») written by B. Pasternak, 
translations of the poem "Winter Night" by Christopher Barnes, Lydia Pasternak-
Slater, Anthony Kline; the poem of A.S.Pushkin called “Брожу ли я вдоль улиц