Mixture or combination

MA’RIFAT – 1) It is in lexical meaning expresses “to know, to realize”. 2) (In religious texts) it means “to know the God, to realize the heaven”. For instance:
“Bilgaysen jahd ila bori sifatin,
Qilg’asen dark Tengri ma’rifatin”
(If you know the quality all things,
You can reach God’s enlightenment) (Mathnavi from “D”). p.18
O.J.
MA’RUF FARMULIY (Eng. Maruf Farmuli) – He was one of the afghan emirs who ruled the territories on right banks of the Ganga River. He fought against Babur in the province Purab in 1526. He conquered the province of Qannuj by making agreement with Nasirkhan Huhani. Babur sent Humayun with a large army to fight against them [“B”, on folio 301 a]. Humayun seized provinces of Junpur and Ghazipur. And Maruf Farmuli who had to retreat made an agreement with Biban and Shaikh Bayazid. This coalition remained on the banks of the Gange though could not resist against Babur’s army and was retreating to the south. Soon after these events Maruf Farmuli died and his sons Musa Mahmud and Shah-Muhammad had to accept Babur’s reign. Babur set Shah-Muhammad as ruler to Saran province, and Musa Maruf to Amrakhar province.
B.Y., Q.E.
Ma’sub – see. Asb
MA’SUMASULTON BEGIM (Eng. Ma’suma-Sultan Begim) - I. It is a name of Babur’s wife. She was the last daughter of Sultan Ahmad Mirza. She escaped and went to Khurasan with her mother Habiba Begim, when Shaibani-khan conquered Khurasan. When they went to Herat, Payanda Sultan Begin, her aunt interested in her very much, so sweet-talked them to go to Kabul [“B”, on folio 20 a]. When Babur returned to Kabul, the mother and daughter had already reached the city, and Babur welcomed them in Ghazna. Babur postponed the wedding party as he was intending to march over Kandagar. Soon after Babur returned from the march he married to Ma’suma Sulan Begim in 1508 and had a child after year. Unfortunately Ma’suma Sultan Begim died in 1509, while giving the birth as she lost much blood. Babur had to name the daughter after her mother’s Ma’suma Sultan Begim.
II. It is a name of Babur’s daughter. “and my daughter Ma’suma’s and son Hindal’s soldiers were gifted with coats and lands.” [“B”, on folio 20 b]. The name of Ma’suma Sultan Begim was mentioned as “Musammat Qabuli Begim” in records of Indian historiographers. Babur called the garden for her honour as “Kabuli bagh” which was built for the memory of victory in Battle of Panipat. Ma’suma Sultan Begim got married to Muhammad Zaman Mirza, son of Badiuz’zaman Mirza.
Q.E., B.Y.
MA’QUL - It is a literary term of Arabic origin used in metrics of poetry. It means the rukn of “mafo’ilun” which was originated from the real rhyme of “ma’foilatun” and termed as “zihof amali aql”. This kind of rhyme structure can be seen in Turkic poetry. There was given some Arabic and Persian examples for it in “Aruz”. For instance
Ulusqa mehr ko’rsatibon, ko’ngulga ko’p jafo qilasen,
Yurakni chok-chok etibon, raqibg’a davo qilasen.
(You hurt my heart by showing love to the people,
By breaking my heart into pieces you heal my opponent)
(Vosiri musammani maq’ul: mafo’ilun mafo’ilatun mafoilun mafo’ilatun” [“A”, on folio 66 a].
A.A.