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Ko’chirma gapni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirganimizda, ikki nuqta, qo’shtirnoq va vergul tushib qoladi va that
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Qo\'ldoshev grammar
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- I - he, she
2. Ko’chirma gapni o’zlashtirma gapga aylantirganimizda, ikki nuqta, qo’shtirnoq va vergul
tushib qoladi va that bog’lovchisi qo’yiladi. That “-ni” deb tarjima qilinadi: He says “He will come”. U deydi: “Jek keladi”. He says (that) Jack will come. U Jekni kelishini aytmoqda. 3. Agar ko’chirma gapda to say (demoq) fe’li to’ldiruvchisiz kelsa, ya’ni (me, you, them) larsiz kelib gapning kimga aytilayotganligi noma’lum bo’lsa, o’zlashtirma gapda ham to say fe’li saqlanib qoladi. Agar to say (demoq) fe’li ko’chirma gapda to’ldiruvchi bilan ishlatilgan bo’lsa, o’zlashtirma gapda to tell (aytmoq) fe’liga o’zgaradi: She says: “He is talking”. U deydi: “U suhbatlashayapti”. She says that he is talking. U uni suhbatlashayapti deydi. She says to me: “He is talking”. U menga deydi: “U suhbatlashayapti”. She tells me that he is talking. U menga uning suhbatlashayotganligini aytadi. 4. Ko’chirma gapdagi kishilik va egalik olmoshlari o’zlashtirma gapda o’zgaradi. I shaxs III shaxsga ya’ni, I – he yoki she ga o’zgaradi, II-shaxs esa I yoki III shaxsga ya’ni you – I, he , she ga o’zgaradi: I - he, she ga o’zgaradi. You - I, he, she ga o’zgaradi. Our – their ga o’zgaradi. My - his, her ga o’zgaradi. Your - my, his her ga o’zgaradi. Ann says: “Tom has taken my dictionary”. Anna deydi: “Tom mening lug’atimni olgan” Ann says that Tom has taken her dictionary. Ann lug’atini Tom olganligini aytdi. My brother has said: “I shall come at 5 o’clock”. Akam aytgan: “Men soat 5 da kelaman”. My brother has said that he will come at 5 o’clock. Akam soat 5 da kelishini aytgan. 5. So’zlovchi o’z gapini o’zlashtirayotgan bo’lsa kishilik va egalik olmoshlari o’zgarmaydi: I say: “I am ready”. Men dedim: “Men tayyorman”. I say that I am ready. Men tayyorligimni aytdim. 6. Agar ko’chirma gapning bosh gapidagi fe’l Present Simple, Present perfect yoki Future zamonlarida bo’lsa, gapni o’zlashtirganimizda ergash gapdagi zamon o’zgarmasdan qoladi: He says (has said, will say): “I work”. U deydi (degan, deydi): “Men ishlayman”. He says (has said, will say) that he works. U o’zini ishlashini aytmoqda. (aytgan, aytadi). Anvar will say: “I am swimming”. Anvar aytadi: “Men cho’milyapman”. Anvar will say that he is swimming. Anvar cho’milayotganligini aytmoqda. 7. Agar bosh gapda o’tgan zamonlardan biri ishlatilsa, gapni o’zklashtirganimizda ergash gapning zamoni o’tgan zamonga o’zgaradi: He said: “I go home with my friend”. U dedi: “Men do’stim bilan uyga boraman”. He said that he went home with his friend. U do’sti bilan uyga borishini aytdi. 8. Ko’chirma gapdagi zamonlar moslashuvi o’zlashtirma gapda quyidagicha bo’ladi: The Present Indefinite – The Past Indefinite The Present Continuous – The Past Continuous The Present Perfect – The Past Perfect The Present Perfect Continuous – The Past perfect Continuous The Past Indefinite – The Past Perfect yoki The Past Indefinite ning o’zi. The Past Perfect – The Past Perfect The Future Indefinite – The Future Indefinite in the Past The Future Continuous – The Future Continuous in the Past 95 The Past Continuous – The Past Perfect Continuous. The Past Perfect Continuous - The Past Perfect Continuous 9. The Past Simple zamoni ba’zan o’zgarmasdan qolishi ham mumkin. The Past Perfect ga o’zgarishi ham mumkin: He said: “I played chess”. U dedi: “Men shaxmat o’ynadim”. He said that he played (had played) chess. U shaxmat o’ynaganligini aytdi. 10. Ba’zan ish-harakatning bajarilgan vaqti aniq ko’rsatilgan bo’lsa ko’chirma gapdagi zamon o’zlashtirma gapda ham o’zgarmasdan qolishi mumkin: He said: “I started learning English in 1999”. U dedi: “Men ingliz tili o’rganishni 1999 yilda boshladim”. He said that he started learning English in 1999. U inglizcha o’rganishni 1999 yilda boshlaganligini aytdi. 11. Mutloq haqiqatlarni ifodalagan ko’chirma gaplardagi zamon o’zlashtirma gapda o’zgarmasligi ham o’zgarishi ham mumkin: Tom said: “New York is bigger than London”. Tom dedi: “New York Londondan kattaroq”. Tom said that New York is (was) bigger than London. Tom New Yorkning Londondan kattaroqligini aytdi. Teacher said: “The earth goes round the sun”. O’qituvchi dedi: “Yer quyosh atrofida aylanadi”. Teacher said that the earth goes (went) round the sun. O’qituvchi yerning quyosh atrofida aylanishligini aytdi. He said: “I shall go to America next year”. U dedi: “Men kelasi yil Amerikaga boraman”. He said that he will (would) go to America next year. U kelasi yil Amerikaga borishligini aytdi. Download 1.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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