Uzbekistan State World Languages University ma course “ Modern trends and concepts in Phraseology” Academic year 2022-2023 /3rd

Conceptual Integration, or Blending is understood as a cognitive operation based on the conceptual structures of two or more unrelated mental spaces (input spaces) which are linked by means of a generic space, and on the basis of their common elements are projected onto a new mental space (a blend) which generates a new emergent knowledge structure; Blending mediated by metaphorical and metonymic correspondences represent conceptual integration network:

1. John became a bag of bones – blend is “thinness”;
2. She is playing with fire in this situation - blend is “in danger”

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  Blending, mediated by metaphorical and metonymic correspondences represent conceptual integration network, structured by information from different cognitive domains, a generic space and a blended space;
  

65. 
    What adverbial types of phraseological units do you know?
    

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  Adverbial PhUs describe the circumstances of manner (by the way), intensity of action (by hook or by crook), unexpectedness of action (out of the blue), place (close at hand), time (in the nick of time).
  

66. 
    What is a grammatical valency? Can it be violated in PhUs? Provide examples
    

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  Grammatical valency is the aptness of a word to appear in specific grammatical (or rather syntactic) structures.The individual meaning of a polysemantic word may also be described and learned through its grammatical valency, eg. Keen+N- keen sight – “sharp”; keen+on+N- keen on sports- “fond of”; keen+V – keen to know - “eager” .
  
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  Keen as mustard- extremely eager or enthusiastic (idiomatic, partially motivated).
  

67. 
    Explain the difference between separable and inseparable phrasal verbs
    

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  According to the structural types, phrasal verbs can be separable and inseparable. Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by an object. For example: He gave money away.
  

Inseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by an object: The airplane took off.

68. 
    What is a semantic field? How does it differ from a semantic class?
    

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  First proposed by Trier in the 1930s, semantic field theory proposes that a group of words with interrelated meanings can be categorized under a larger conceptual domain. Semantic field theory asserts that lexical meaning cannot be fully understood by looking at a word in isolation, but by looking at a group of semantically related words.
  
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  A semantic class contains words that share some semantic feature, notion or concept, or a key word. (synonyms, antonyms, euphemisms, slangisms)
  

69. 
    What is a cognitive function of proverbs and sayings?
    

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  Proverb is a short sentence known by many people, while saying is a wise statement made by a famous person with a holistic meaning. Proverbs usually contain some kind of advice or common truth, while sayings have evaluative character. Proverbs and sayings contain cultural information and transfer traditions, they create a common sense of unity and solve conflicts by bringing people together with the help of folk wisdom. They also perform some pragmatic functions, such as didactic (instructional), performative (expressive), consultative (advisory), and stylistic (emotions, evaluative, expressive).
  

70. 
    Comprise a phraseosemantic group denoting ‘anger’ and analyse its members according to various classifications
    

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  Some phraseological units may share similarity of sense, and become synonymous. The following phraseological units are synonymous:
  
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