Биринчи боб. Концепт терминининг когнитив тилшуносликда ва лингвомаданятшуносликдаги ўрни ва аҳамяти

the tongue is not steel but (yet) it cuts(=an evil tongue kills; don't be afraid of a knife, but of a tongue) – (ёмон тил, захар тил,) – Masalan: In a discourse warning against Sins of the tongue, we might produce many words... less likely to be remembered tnan... the tongue is not steel, but it cuts. [R. C. Trench, 'On the Lessonsin Pro­verbs', DEP] – Тилнинг қанчалик ёмонлиги ҳақида кўп гапириш мумкин. Лекин, энг муҳими, "ёмон тил олдида захарли илон чақсада бир чивин чаққанча бўлмас" деган мақол кўп фойдаланамиз.
on the tongues of men (= in everyone's mouth, in everyone's tongue) – хамманинг оғзида, хамманинг тилида– Masalan:The Tongues of Men and Speech is written by John Rupert Firth - Одамлар оғзида дув-дув гапасари Жон Роберт Ферт томонидан ёзилган
one's tongue runs before one's wit(=the tongue Walks Ahead of the mind) – тил ақлдан олдида юради – Masalan: A fool's tongue runs before his wit is said for: A stupid person who talks before thinking so very often he or she talks nonsence [Per-Olof Hasselgren. Body Language from Head to Toe, 2015, p-45]. - Аҳмоқ тили ўйламай гапиради: Аҳмоқ одам бемаъни гапиради.
a still tongue makes a wise head(=speaking less, you will be smarter) – кўп гапирма, кўп иш қил – Masalan:I try to teach all my pupils that still tongues make wise heads[Lowering the Boom: Critical Studies in Film Sound., Jay Beck, ‎Tony Grajeda·2008, p-56]. - Мен барча ўқувчиларимга кўп гапирмай, кўп иш қилишга ўргатаман.
Юқоридаги инглиз тилида “”tongue” концептига оид фразеологик бирликлар ва келтирилган мисолларга таянган ҳолда, биз фразеологик бирликларнинг структуравий моделларини ишлаб чиқдик.
Инглиз тилидаги ФБларнинг моделлари:

1. 
   N+N= mother tongue. For Example: He understood German and Greek as well as his mother-tongue, and could express himself fluently in Latin[W. S. Mau­gham, 'Ten Novels and Their Authors', ch. Ill]; 
   
2. 
   Prep.+N(Pr)+N =on the tip of your tongue.For Example: "What's that actor's name? I know it ... it's on the tip of my tongue!"[Galsworthy, 'Indian Sum­mer of a Forsyte', ch. II];
   
3. 
   N+Prep.+N = tongue in cheek.For Example:"Peter's remark was taken more seriously than intended. It was supposed to be tongue in cheek"[W. Scott_t 'Red- gauntlet];
   

4. (N)+V+Pr+N.+ Prep + Pr. = (N) + get your tongue round something. For Example: If you are able to pronounce a difficult word or phrase, you can get your tongue round it[Galsworthy, 'Indian Sum­mer of a Forsyte', ch. II];

5. 
   (N)+V+Pr+N+ Prep+Pr+N = (N)+keep one's tongue between one's teeth.For Example: But he knew his place and managed to keep his tongue between his teeth. [London, 'The Mutiny of the 'Elsinore', ch. XLV];
   
6. 
   (N)+V+N+Prep.+Pr+N = (N)+have a tongue in one's head. For Example:If you didn't know the way, you should have asked. You have a tongue in your head, haven't you.[W. S. Mau­gham, 'Ten Novels and Their Authors', ch. Ill];
   
7. 
   (N)+V+Pr.+N+Prep.+Pr +N= (N) + give the (rough) edge of your tongue. For Example:"My boss was so angry that I really got the rough edge of his tongue"[W. Scott_t 'Red- gauntlet];
   
8. 
   (N)+V+ Pr +N =(N+hold your tongue. For Example: "The party was supposed to be a surprise, but unfortunately the little boy couldn't hold his tongue"[W. S. Mau­gham, 'Ten Novels and Their Authors', ch. Ill];
   
9. 
   (N)+Prep.+N =the tongue of the trump. For Example:Не is the tongue of the trump to the whole squad of them. [W.Scott_t 'Red- gauntlet];
   
10. 
    (N)+V +N+V =(N)+set tongues wagging.For Example:"The photograph of the couple that appeared in a magazine really set tongues wagging"[Lowering the Boom: Critical Studies in Film Sound., Jay Beck, ‎Tony Grajeda·2008, p-41].
    

Инглиз тилидаги материаллар асосида кузатишларимиз шуни кўрсатадики, инглиз тилида “tongue-тил” семантикасига оид фразеологик бирликлар 10 та экан.
Инглиз тилида “tongue” концептига оид фразеологик бирликларнинг моделлар орқали қўлланиш ҳолатини қуйидаги статистик таҳлил ёрдамида кўриш мумкин: