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Continuing Professional Development in Time of Crisis: Greek Early Childhood
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- Using Webinars in Lifelong Learning Programs: A Literature Review Athanasios Sypsas sipsas@gmail.com Jenny Pange
- Comparing Three Instruments for Assessing Teachers Burnout: MBI, BM and CBI
- Learning Experiences Leave Their Mark on Pre-Service Teachers
- Positive Psychology of Teachers Bahar Çağrı Şan baharsan@gmail.com Türkay Nuri Tok
- Prospective Teachers’ Beliefs about Teaching Mathematics Through Tasks
- Using Children Drawings as a Reflective Technique: Example Of Artist Concept Burçin Türkcan burcint@anadolu.edu.tr
Continuing Professional Development in Time of Crisis: Greek Early Childhood Educators' Perspectives Athanasios Gregoriadis asis@nured.auth.gr Maria Birbili Maria Papandreou The need for the present study has arisen from recent changes in the professional development of Greek early childhood teachers. It was also based on the realization that the economic crisis in Greece calls not only for more cost-effective approaches to teacher professional development but also for policies that encourage life-long learning and skill development. More specifically, the study set out to “capture” early childhood teachers’ perspectives about professional development, during the time of the abolishment of “Didaskalio”, a university-based professional development program that has been in place for more than 90 years. The teachers who participated in the study were the last ‘graduates’ of the ‘Didaskalio’ of the Department of Early Childhood Education at Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, which ended officially in 2012. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire given to 45 participants. All participants were women with their teaching experience ranging from 6 to 20 years. Teachers were asked about the quality of the training they had experienced, what professional development meant to them and their perception of CPD activities. Data analysis showed that for the teachers of the study professional development was still equated primarily with structured courses and/or programs run by “official” educational institutions or bodies. This kind of professional development practice seems to satisfy teachers’ expressed need a) to have their training certified by a ‘formal’, ‘recognized’, ‘respected’, ‘organized’ provider and b) for formalized knowledge. Although alternative models of CPD, like on-line training, sharing good practice and whole-school development events are not rejected they are not as popular as institution-based expertise. Teachers’ preferences seem to be closely linked not only to their professional development experiences until the time of the study but also to the way they define professional development. According to the participants, professional development is mainly about ‘learning what’s new’: New knowledge, new developments in the field of early childhood education, new practices and teaching strategies. The second most reported definition reveals teachers’ perception of professional development as a process which improves one’s professional career and/or prospects. An interesting finding related to their definition of professional development is the small number of teachers who link professional development experiences directly to student learning. The paper will discuss the implications of the findings in light of the current economic and social circumstances facing Greek education and suggest directions for future action both for policy makers and universities. Keywords: Early childhood education, continuing professional development, professional learning, teachers training 3 rd ISNITE 2015 International Symposium’ ‘New Issues on Teacher Education’ ‘September 11-13, 2015, University of Thessaly, Volos-Greece 36 Using Webinars in Lifelong Learning Programs: A Literature Review Athanasios Sypsas sipsas@gmail.com Jenny Pange The extended use of ICT in all stages of educational process empowers E-learning to offer innovative educational programs in new, engaging and finally effective ways to heterogeneous learners. Webinars are one of the latest tools used in e-learning. A Webinar is a web-based seminar, conference or presentation. It provides an interactive environment to share information and receive feedback from audience without place restrictions. It, also, offers the ability to transmit video and audio simultaneously enabling users to share applications, using whiteboard, communicating and finally supporting the collaboration between the presenter and the audience. Additionally, the webinars can be recorded and viewed in later time. The lifelong learning programs are using the expansion of ICT and the growing availability of information sources. Many of these programs adopt the available learning sources (Webinars, MOOCs, etc.). Lifelong learning programs use the Webinars increasingly, as their learning advantages are acknowledged. According to resent studies, webinars are used in combination with traditional traineeships, professional conferences, community education courses, and workplace training, during lifelong learning programs. In lifelong learning programs about teacher information and communication competence development, one of the main strategies was the conduction of webinars. Lifelong learning is used to educate various audience groups in health professions, because of the continuous evolution in this sector. Thus, webinars are used in such lifelong learning programs. Other studies revealed that users in lifelong learning programs concerning digital curation, had a preference for webinars, among other tools (social networks, MOOCs, etc.), as they were no-cost solutions. Moreover, Webinars were chosen, among other tools, to be used in continuing education programs for social workers from different geographical areas. Lifelong learning programs, concerning forestry education, adopted webinars as a solution for the spatially distributed learners. Conclusively, the results of the aforementioned studies showed that participants in lifelong learning programs expressed a preference for programs using webinars among other tools, since they facilitated the distant participation in such programs. The purpose of this study is to present the educational uses of Webinars in various lifelong learning programs in order to support educators to use Webinars. Keywords: E-learning, Webinars, Lifelong Learning 3 rd ISNITE 2015 International Symposium’ ‘New Issues on Teacher Education’ ‘September 11-13, 2015, University of Thessaly, Volos-Greece 37 Comparing Three Instruments for Assessing Teachers' Burnout: MBI, BM and CBI Athina Daniilidou athina51089@gmail.com Maria Platsidou Several studies conducted in the last decade to assess burnout of Greek primary school teachers showed that, according to their self-reports, they experienced lower levels of burnout in comparison to their peers in Western European and Northern American countries. (Aventisian– Pagoropoulou, Koumpias, & Giavrimis, 2002· Kantas. 1996· Papastylianou & Polyxronopoulos, 2007· Platsidou & Agaliotis, 2008). Most relevant studies have used the Maslach’s Burnout Inventory (MBI, Maslach & Jackson, 1982) to measure teachers' burnout. This fact raised the question whether the low burnout of Greek teachers is attributed to the MBI measurement. The study aimed at comparing measurements of burnout of Greek primary education teachers (N=320) obtained by three burnout instruments which reflected different theoretical approaches: the MBI (Maslach et al., 1996), the Burnout Measure (BM, Pines & Aronson, 1988), and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI, Kristensen et al., 2005). The last two scales were used for the first time in Greek. Also, job satisfaction was used as a criterion variable and assessed using the Job Satisfaction Scale (JSS, Warr, Cook & Wall, 1979). More specifically, the study aimed at (1) testing the internal structure (factorial validity) and reliability of the aforementioned instruments and (2) exploring the relations among the different burnout measures obtained by the three instruments (convergent validity). Confirmatory factors analyses performed in three burnout instruments confirmed their factorial validity, although some reservations were noted for the CBI. All subscales were found to have good reliability indexes. CFA performed on the JSS did not confirm the two-factor model tested, so a score reflecting teachers' global job satisfaction was computed (α = .87). Consistent with prior studies of Greek primary school teachers, participants reported moderate burnout in all measures and moderately high satisfaction with their job. Correlations between the instruments were found to largely confirm the hypotheses, thus supporting convergent validity of the scales, with one exception: MB-physical exhaustion does not correlate significantly to depersonalization. Overall, the CBI subscales correlated higher with the other burnout measures as well as the JSS than the MBI or the MB subscales did. Results of the present study are discussed in relation to the previous findings of relevant Greek and international studies. Also, the strong and the weak points of each of the three burnout instruments used in the study are identified and discussed. Keywords: Burnout, Job Satisfaction, Teachers, Greek, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Burnout Measure, Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. 3 rd ISNITE 2015 International Symposium’ ‘New Issues on Teacher Education’ ‘September 11-13, 2015, University of Thessaly, Volos-Greece 38 Learning Experiences Leave Their Mark on Pre-Service Teachers Aysun Erginer aysunerginer@nevsehir.edu.tr Ergin Erginer Tuba Acar Erdol The purpose of the study is to identify what types of learning experiences have the most impact on pre-service teachers. The study was designed as a case study, and the sample was comprised of 748 pre-service teachers. The researchers devised a data collection tool containing items related to the gender of the pre-service teacher; the gender, discipline, and professional experience of his/her teacher; the grade, place, and time in which the incident took place; and the peculiarities and effects of what the pre-service teacher experienced. The pre-service teachers uploaded the data to the measuring instrument that the researchers had identified on Google Drive. The data were on the pre-service teachers registered for the Pedagogical Formation Certificate Program offered by Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University during the Spring Term of the 2013-2014 Academic Year. These data were then subjected to a descriptive content analysis. The preliminary findings suggested that students were more often affected by negative experiences, though they also had their share of positive experiences. Teachers try to establish a culture of obedience and fear, largely through the use of corporal punishment, insulting language and humiliation, and they imposed degrading punishments to ensure and maintain discipline. In addition, they exhibit behavior that is intolerant, biased, discriminatory, threatening, incriminating, distracting and discouraging. Their behavior is characterized by lack of self- control and echoes their private life, resulting in negative influences on student achievement. They also appear to lack the academic knowledge and skills required for the practice of their profession. Attempts to discipline students through punishment lead students to feel themselves insufficient. Teachers’ use of physical violence following wrong answers by students to any given question leads the latter to adopt negative habits throughout the course of their educational life, including their reluctance to take the floor, express their ideas, speak in public and go to the blackboard. According to the pre-service teachers, such experiences make them lack self- confidence and alienate them from the school, the course and the teacher. The responses by some of the pre-service teachers indicate that teachers come to school drunk and in inappropriate clothes and are incited to buy alcohol. Owing to undesirable teacher behavior, students might suffer from physical and psychological harm, and disagreements and factions can emerge at school or in the classroom; some students might even drop out or attempt suicide. Keywords: Teacher education, learning experiences, case study. 3 rd ISNITE 2015 International Symposium’ ‘New Issues on Teacher Education’ ‘September 11-13, 2015, University of Thessaly, Volos-Greece 39 Positive Psychology of Teachers Bahar Çağrı Şan baharsan@gmail.com Türkay Nuri Tok Organizational commitment has become one of the essential needs of the modern world. Bayram (2005) defines organizational commitment as loyalty behavior of a worker for an organization and showing interest to make the organization successful. Balay (2000) defines the importance of organizational commitment for organizations as dismissal, job satisfaction, responsibility, personality of the workers, knowing organizational commitment breakers that individuals possess. Work engagement increases in situations that organizational commitment is strong and workers are devoted to their job. Nowadays many studies about education focus on factors that highlight the negative parts of employees. Fatigue, stress and conflict are example concepts of these studies. Work engagement is characterized just the opposite meaning of fatigue. Many synonym words are used for the meaning of Work engagement. Work engagement increases in situations that organizational commitment is strong and workers are devoted to their job. Esen (2011) defines work engagement as worker's desire, excited and energetic approach for organization. Esen (2011) emphasizes that individuals that have strong work engagement work voluntarily, hard, in long periods and make efforts much above their performance to live up to the aims of the organization. Ardıç and Polatcı (2009) express that there is "energy" instead of emotional exhaustion, "sense of belonging" instead of desensitization and "proficiency" instead of low personal success that emerge in exhaustion situations of work engagement. Ardıç and Polatcı (2009) analyze the work engagement strategies in as individual and commitment levels. The strategies of work engagement on commitment level are both more permanent than individual level and reinforce the idea of fatigue is an important problem in organization and should be prevented. The strategies of work engagement on individual level are consisted of increasing individual sources by changing the employees’ position, developing solutions or solutions that change the attitudes of employees towards their work. The objective of the research is to examine work engagement levels of teachers in terms of demographic variables. Database group of the research is comprised of 294 teachers who worked in Denizli province Kale country in between 2014 and 2015. To collect data during research, Allen Mayer’s Organizational Commitment Utrect Work Engagement Scale is used (UWES). Currently the research is in the process of data collecting. At the end of the study, the data will be analyzed by SPSS 16.0 program. The analysis of the study is still going on. Therefore, the finding, results and discussion sections haven’t been completed yet. Keywords: Organization, Organizational Commitment, Work Engagement, Demographic Variables 3 rd ISNITE 2015 International Symposium’ ‘New Issues on Teacher Education’ ‘September 11-13, 2015, University of Thessaly, Volos-Greece 40 Prospective Teachers’ Beliefs about Teaching Mathematics Through Tasks Bilge Yurekli bilgeyurekli@gazi.edu.tr Mine Isiksal-Bostan Reform-oriented mathematics teaching requires teaching mathematics through tasks, in order to support the development of students’ mathematics learning with an understanding and their higher-order thinking skills. Teacher beliefs, as a strong determinant of teaching practices, influence the effectiveness of mathematics teaching through tasks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of teacher education programs to help future teachers establish strong and positive beliefs related to using tasks in mathematics classrooms. The purpose of this study was to examine the power of a mathematics teaching methods course focusing on teaching mathematics through tasks in order to contribute to the development of prospective teachers’ beliefs. In this qualitative case study, 9 prospective teachers enrolled in Elementary Mathematics Education program at a large public university in Ankara, Turkey were interviewed after completing a mathematics teaching methods course. Findings showed that methods course had the major impact on participants’ beliefs, since, as students of traditional classrooms, their previous experiences with mathematical tasks were limited. Participants stated that in methods class they were introduced to mathematical tasks for the first time. Thus, they believed methods course should have been offered earlier than third year in the program so as to provide them with more opportunities to learn and practice using mathematical tasks. In general, the influence of methods course was mainly positive, and at the end of the methods course, participants believed that through mathematical tasks, students could learn mathematics with an understanding, instead of memorizing procedures and rules; overcome misconceptions; be responsible for their own learning; feel confident about their capabilities; and finally enjoy learning mathematics. Their beliefs about disadvantages of tasks were that using mathematical tasks could be time consuming and cause classroom management issues. As a result, prospective teachers believed that teaching mathematics only through tasks was not possible, that teachers should integrate both mathematical tasks and traditional methods in their teaching. Keywords: mathematical tasks, prospective teachers, beliefs 3 rd ISNITE 2015 International Symposium’ ‘New Issues on Teacher Education’ ‘September 11-13, 2015, University of Thessaly, Volos-Greece 41 Using Children Drawings as a Reflective Technique: Example Of Artist Concept Burçin Türkcan burcint@anadolu.edu.tr Executing educational activities efficiently is based on the teacher’s professional quality to a large extent. Teachers not only have responsibilities such as regulating the settings in the classroom, making plans and servicing an efficient teaching, but also recognizing and guiding the students effectively. One of the techniques that can be used by teachers to recognize the students is children drawings. It is because children intimately reflect the perceptions of their inner world and their environment. Perception which is formed by combining both individual experiences and meanings given to cultural codes constitutes creating the impression of the environment through the senses of the individual and the process of reacting to the environment by created meanings. As a reflective technique, children drawings are a language by which children can express their perception and meaning systems intimately. Specifying what kind of perception a student has on various issues helps the teachers recognize their students better. Because of this, in the study, analyzing the meanings that children give to a concept and the clues given to teachers by using what kind of perceptions that children have at their inner worlds is exemplified through a concept selected. We choose a sample concept, whose integrity of meaning has been changed by the multiple stimulants of today’s world which consists of communication, media and technology-intensive life. As the emphasis of postmodern era on the visuals has increased, singularism has taken the place of pluralism and the concepts of art through the influence of popular culture have changed, we have chosen the “artist” concept. The purpose of this research is to present primary school students' perceptions about the concept of artist. The study was conducted with art-based research method. Sampling criteria was used to determine the sampling criteria and 103 students from lower socio-economic and upper socio- economic schools participated in the study. For the collection of research data, the document analysis of the pictures that the students drew and the structured interviews by which the students expressed their opinions about these pictures were used. The data obtained were analyzed through descriptive analysis. According to the findings, it was found out that primary school students mostly perceived artist concept as pop music artists or artists who drew a picture in front of the canvas. While the students from upper socio-economic schools associated artist concept to pop music artists, a significant proportion of the students from lower socio-economic schools associated artist concept to painters. Based on these findings, in the research, the impacts of popular culture on varied socio-economic status students were discussed and the diversification of diagnostic techniques used by teachers was exemplified. Keywords: Primary school, children drawings, perception, artist, popular culture. 3 rd ISNITE 2015 International Symposium’ ‘New Issues on Teacher Education’ ‘September 11-13, 2015, University of Thessaly, Volos-Greece 42 Download 5.07 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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