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N a z o r a t u c h u n s a v o lla r
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- 6 - § . B o s h l a n g N c h s i n f l a r d a m a t c m a t i k a o ‘q it i s h m e t o d l a r i
N a z o r a t u c h u n s a v o lla r
1. E le m e n ta r m a te m a tik ta s a v v u rla m i s h a k lla n tiris h g a o id m a sh - g ‘u lo t b oM agini is h la b c h iq in g . 27 2. E le m e n ta r m a te m a tik ta s a v v u r la m i s h a k lla n tiris h g a o id y a n g i te x n o ld o g iy a ta d b ig ‘in i a s o sla n g . 3. E le m e n ta r m a te m a tik ta s a v v u rla m i s h a k lla n tiris h g a o id k o ‘r- g a z m a la r to ‘p la m in i tu z in g . 4. B o la la m i o g ‘z a k i n u tq in i r iv o jla n tir a d ig a n e le m e n ta r m a te m a tik ta s a v v u r la m i s h a k lla n tiris h g a o lib k e la d ig a n o ‘y in m a s h - g ‘u lo tla ri n a m u n a s in i tu z in g . 6 - § . B o s h l a n g N c h s i n f l a r d a m a t c m a t i k a o ‘q it i s h m e t o d l a r i A rifm e tik m a te ria l k u r s n in g a s o s iy m a z m u n in i ta s h k il e ta d i. B o s h la n g N c h k u rs n in g a s o s iy o ‘z a g i n a tu ra l s o n la r v a a s o s iy m iq d o r- la r a rifm e tik a s id a n ib o ra t. B u n d a n ta s h q a ri, b u k u rs d a g e o m e tr iy a va a lg e b r a n in g a s o s iy tu s h u n c h a la ri b irla sh a d i. V -X I s in f la rd a o ‘q itila d ig a n m a te m a tik a n in g e n g a s o s iy v a o ‘q u v c h ila r y o s h ig a m o s b o N g a n e le m e n ta r tu s h u n c h a la ri b e rila d i. Y u q o ri s in f la rd a sh u tu s h u n c h a la r k e n g a y tir ilg a n , c h u q u rla s h tir ilg a n v a b o y itilg a n h o ld a o ‘q itila d i. D e m a k , b o s h la n g N c h s i n f m a te m a ti- k a s in in g m a z m u n i y u q o ri s i n f m a te m a tik a s in in g m a z m u n in i h a m b e lg ila b b e ra d i. B o s h la n g N c h m a te m a tik a n in g tu z ilis h i o ‘z ig a x o s x u s u s iy a tla rg a eg a : 1. A rifm e tik m a te r ia l k u r s n in g a s o s iy m a z m u n in i ta s h k il q ila d i. U n a tu ra l s o n la r a rifm e tik a s i, a s o s iy m iq d o rla r, a lg e b ra v a g e o m e tr iy a e le m e n t m a te ria l b ila n q o ‘s h ib o ‘q itila d i. 2 . B o s h la n g N c h s i n f m a te ria li k o n s e n trik tu z ilg a n . M a s a la n , o ld in I - o ‘n lik n i r a q a m la s h o ‘q itils a , k e y in 100 ic h id a r a q a m la s h v a a rifm e tik a m a lla r b a ja ris h o ‘q itila d i. U n d a n k e y in 1000 ic h id a a r if m e tik a m a lla r b a ja r is h , k e y in k o ‘p x o n a li s o n la r ic h id a . B u la m i o ‘q itis h b ila n b irg a ra q a m la s h , m iq d o rla r, k a s rla r, al- g e b ra ik v a g e o m e trik m a te r ia lla r q o ‘sh ib o ‘q itila d i. 3. N a z a r iy a v a a m a liy o t m a s a k ila ri o ‘z a ro b o g N a n g a n x a ra k te rg a eg a. 4 . M a te m a tik tu s h u n c h a , x o s s a , q o n u n iy b o g N a n is h la m i o c h is h k u rs d a o ‘z a r o b o g N a n g a n . 5. H a r b ir tu s h u n c h a riv o jla n tir ilg a n h o ld a tu s h u n tirila d i. 28 M a s a la n , a r ifm e tik a m a lla m i o ‘q itis h d a n o ld in u n in g a n iq m o - h iy a ti o c h ila d i, k e y in a m a ln in g x o s s a la ri, k e y in k o m p o n e n tla r o ra si- d a g i b o g ‘la n is h , k e y in a m a l n a tija s i, o x ir id a a m a lla r o ra s id a g i b o g N a n is h b e rila d i. 6. A s o s iy tu s h u n c h a la r v a n a tija v iy tu s h u n c h a la r o ‘z a ro b o g M a n ish d a b e rilg a n . M a s a la n , q o ‘s h is h a s o s id a k o ‘p a y tiris h k e ltirib c h iq a rilg a n . B o s h la n g N c h m a te m a tik a k u rsi o ‘z tu z ilis h i b o ‘y ic h a o ‘z ic h ig a o lg a n , a rifm e tik , a lg e b ra ik v a g e o m e tr ik m a te r ia ld a n ib o r a t q is m la r- n i b o s h la n g N c h m a te m a tik a k u rs id a k o n s e n trik jo y la s h u v i s a q la n a d i. A m m o , a m a ld a g i d a s tu rd a k o n s e n trla r so n i k a m a y tirilg a n : o ‘n lik , y u z lik , m in g lik , k o ‘p x o n a li so n la r. S h u n i h a m a y tis h k e ra k , m a te ria l s h u n d a y g u r u h la s h g a n k i, u n d a o ‘z a ro b o g N a n g a n tu s h u n c h a la r, a m a lla r , m a s a la la rn i q a ra s h v a q t jih a td a n y a q in la s h tirilg a n . A rifm e tik a m a lla m in g x o s s a la ri v a m o s h is o b la s h u su lla rin i o ‘rg a n is h b ila n b ir v a q td a a r if m e tik a m a lla r n a tija la ri b ila n k o m p o - n e n ta la ri o ra s id a g i b o g N a n is h la r o c h ib b e rila d i. (M a s a la n , a g a r y ig N n d id a n q o ‘s h ilu v c h ila rd a n b iri a y rils a , ik k in c h i q o ‘s h ilu v c h i h o sil b o N a d i.) K o m p o n e n tla r id a n b ir in in g o ‘z g a ris h i b ila n a rifm e tik a m a lla r n a tija la r in in g o ‘z g a r is h i k u z a tila d i. A lg e b r a e le m e n tla rin i k iritis h , c h u q u r , tu s h u n ilg a n v a u m u m - la s h g a n o ‘z la s h tiris h m a q s a d la rig a ja v o b b e ra d i: te n g lik , te n g s iz lik , te n g la m a , o ‘z g a ru v c h i tu s h u n c h a la ri k o n k r e t a s o s d a o c h ib b e rila d i. 1 -sin fd a n b o s h la b so n li te n g lik la r v a te n g s iz lik la r (4 = 4 , 6 = 1 + 5 , 2 < 3 , 6+ 1 > 5 , 8 -3 < 8 -2 v a h o k a z o ) q a ra la d i. U la m i o ‘r g a n is h a rif m e tik m a te ria ln i o ‘rg a n is h b ila n b o g N a n a d i v a u n i c h u q u r ro q o c h ib b e ris h g a y o r d a m b e ra d i. 2 -s in fd a n b o s h la b (x + 6 )-3 = 2 v a h .k k o ‘rin is h d a g i te n g la m a la r q a ra la d i. 29 T e n g la m a la m i y e c h is h , o ld in ta n la s h m e to d i b ila n , s o ‘n g ra a m a lla m in g n a tija la ri b ila n k o m p o n e n tla ri o ra s id a g i b o g N a n is h la m i b ilg a n lik a s o s id a b a ja rila d i. 0 ‘z g a ru v c h i b ila n a m a liy te k s h iris h o ‘q u v c h ila rn in g fu n k s io n a l ta s a v v u r la rin i e g a lla s h la rig a im k o n b e ra d i. Download 7.79 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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